A system for producing carbonaceous materials is disclosed that includes an energy source configured to emit microwave energy and a plasma reactor coupled to receive the microwave energy and configured to produce plasma in response to exposure of one or more process gases to the microwave energy. In some instances, the plasma reactor includes a first chamber having a rectangular cross-section and configured to receive the microwave energy from the energy source as sinusoidal waveform, a second chamber having a cylindrical cross-section and configured to receive microwave energy from the first chamber as a radial waveform having an energy maxima at a radial center of the cylindrical cross-section, the second chamber including an opening to receive one or more process gases and configured to ignite a plasma plume, and a gas-solid separator configured to separate solid materials from the plasma plume.

The invention relates to a reusable device for CO2 removal, suitable for use in a breathing system, as part of an anaesthesia arrangement, and based on an electro-charging and discharging method. The invention is related to holders, containers and so-called canisters including any subparts of such devices and methods of operating used in an anaesthesia arrangement, wherein the CO2 removal takes place.

Provided is a solvent separation method and a solvent separation apparatus in which a vaporized solvent is collected at one internal side of a solvent separation unit by attracting the vaporized solvent based on electric field, while the vaporized solvent is prevented from coming into contact with electrodes, and the collected solvent is discharged from the solvent separation unit. Different electric fields are alternately applied to a pair of first electrodes and a pair of second electrodes present at predetermined locations inside a tetragonal tubular solvent separation unit to attract a vaporized solvent toward the second electrodes. Thus, the vaporized solvent is collected in a space between the second electrodes inside the solvent separation unit, and the collected solvent is discharged from the solvent separation unit, together with a portion of the exhaust atmosphere present around the collected solvent.

An apparatus for reducing toxic gases from exhaust of a vehicle comprises a shell disposed in line with an exhaust path of a vehicle and an electrode that passes through the shell. Further, the apparatus comprises a power control system programmed to supply at least 120 kV to the electrode at a predefined pulse rate, which creates an arc of electricity forms between the electrode and a first screen. A substrate coated with an oxidizer is disposed within the shell downstream from the first screen. Further, a second screen is disposed within the shell downstream from the substrate such that the substrate is disposed between the first screen and the second screen.

A system and method for treating natural gas, including producing natural gas from a subterranean formation via a wellhead system to a nonthermal plasma (NTP) catalytic unit, converting by the NTP unit carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) in the natural gas into carbon monoxide (CO), elemental sulfur (S), and hydrogen (H.sub.2), and removing the elemental sulfur as liquid elemental sulfur to give treated natural gas. The NTP unit may convert methane (CH.sub.4) in the natural gas to heavier hydrocarbons.

A discharge electrode E in an electrode chamber C comprises a plurality of electrode members 8, 9. The electrode members 8, 9 are disposed facing each other by having a supporting member 4 therebetween, a gap is formed between the facing portions of the electrode members 8, 9, and by having the gap as a gas passageway 15, the gas passageway is opened in the leading end of the discharge electrode. A replacement gas having been supplied from a manifold pipe 3 is supplied to the gas passageway 15 via an orifice.

The present disclosure envisages an air purification system. The system comprises includes a shell, a blower, an electrode and a plurality of spikes. The shell has electrically-grounded wall(s), an inlet, and an outlet. The blower generates flow of air through the shell. The electrode is fitted within the shell between the inlet and the outlet and is electrically isolated from the shell body. The spikes extend from the electrode. The spikes have tips spaced apart from the inner surfaces of the walls and generate a corona between the tips and the inner surface of the walls when an high voltage electric current is passed through the electrode and thereby ionize gases and charge particles present in the air resulting in the particles being deposited on the inner surface of the walls of the shell.

A plasma filter for treating a gas flow therethrough. The filter has a dielectric barrier plasma electrode assembly including a plurality of electrodes having a dielectric barrier layer coated thereon. The dielectric barrier plasma electrode assembly is configured to produce an atmospheric pressure plasma, A filtration medium is disposed on or between the electrodes, and a photocatalytic material is formed on surfaces of the filtration medium. Upon operation of the plasma filter, the plasma infiltrates voids in the filtration medium, and the gas flow through the filtration medium a) is exposed to reactive species of the plasma, b) interacts with the catalytic material, and c) is exposed to light generated from the plasma.

The instant invention is based on techniques for using non-thermal plasma reactors in both the main exhaust pipe and in the exhaust gas recirculation feed pipe to reduce particulate matter sufficiently to meet EPA limits for PM and enhanced exhaust gas recirculation to meet NOx limits. More specifically, it is based upon the use of a non-thermal plasma device in which a high voltage charge in the plasma reactor causes extremely rapid oxidation of soot particles in the exhaust stream of an engine and further chemical reactions that aid in the reduction of NOx. The primary benefit of this technology is that it can be calibrated to optimize both soot and NOx reduction.

Ionization systems configured with a catalyst-bearing sleeve provide improved filtration while keeping ozone levels within acceptable limits. Modular configurations provide for serviceability and replaceability. System controls monitor particulates, temperature, humidity, and other relevant factors and adjust an ionization level accordingly for optimal performance.