Provided is a production process for powdered sugar and liquid syrup, comprising the steps of primary pressing sugar cane juice extraction, three-stage physical filtration, and sugar boiling, wherein the step of the three-stage physical filtration respectively uses a sieve plate, a bagasse separator and a micro-filtration membrane for filtration. The bagasse separator comprises a screen cylinder transversely arranged inside a separation bin. The inlet and outlet of the screen cylinder are respectively connected to a feeding bin and a discharging bin. A juice outlet and a bagasse outlet are respectively provided under the separation bin and the discharging bin. A propeller blade component is provided inside the screen cylinder. The propeller blade component is formed by combining vertical mixing blades with helical blades.

A method for desalination of hot supersaturated water having a temperature of between 40 C. and 80, includes contacting the hot water with a reverse osmosis membrane which is resistant to temperatures of between 40 and 80 C. without a prior cooling step.

A method for desalination of hot supersaturated water having a temperature of between 40 C. and 80, includes contacting the hot water with a reverse osmosis membrane which is resistant to temperatures of between 40 and 80 C. without a prior cooling step.

A water treatment apparatus including: a forward osmosis device configured to allow a diluted draw solution to flow out and to discharge a water-containing solution; a heater configured to heat the diluted draw solution; a water separator configured to separate the diluted draw solution heated by the heater into a water-rich solution and the draw solution having water content lower than that of the water-rich solution; a cooler configured to cool a liquid and allow the liquid to flow out as a coolant; an inflow side heat exchanger configured to perform heat exchange between the coolant flowed out from the cooler and the draw solution flowed out from the water separator; and an outflow side heat exchanger configured to perform heat exchange between the diluted draw solution flowed out from the forward osmosis device and the water-rich solution flowed out from the water separator.

Methods for producing a food product that involve use of a cross-flow filtration module are disclosed. The cross-flow filtration module may be used to recycle wastewater effluent and/or to recover antioxidant compounds from the wastewater effluent. In some embodiments, the cross-flow filtration module includes a stainless steel or nickel alloy substrate.

Methods for producing a food product that involve use of a cross-flow filtration module are disclosed. The cross-flow filtration module may be used to recycle wastewater effluent and/or to recover antioxidant compounds from the wastewater effluent. In some embodiments, the cross-flow filtration module includes a stainless steel or nickel alloy substrate.

Methods and systems for the separation of hydrogen isotopes from one another are described. Methods include utilization of a hydrogen isotope selective separation membrane that includes a hydrogen isotope selective layer (e.g., graphene) and a hydrogen ion conductive supporting layer. An electronic driving force encourages passage of isotopes selectively across the membrane at an elevated separation temperature to enrich the product in a selected hydrogen isotope.

A gas separation apparatus includes a separation membrane module including at least one gas separation membrane element in a housing, a casing for blocking external air, and a heat source unit for adjusting a temperature of a heat medium with which the casing is filled. The casing holds greater than or equal to two separation membrane modules.

Radiative heating and radiative feed modification systems and methods using microwave, radio frequency, magnetic field and ultrasound in membrane separation processes including membrane distillation (MD), reverse osmosis, forward osmosis and pervaporation are disclosed. Membrane distillation systems include at least one MD module, the MD module having at least one membrane, a feed inlet operable to receive a feed media and a feed outlet, and a radiative energy source operable to apply radiation to a feed media entering the feed inlet.

Techniques for solar thermal water purification by recycling photovoltaic reflection losses are provided. In one aspect, a solar thermal water purification system includes: a water purification component for desalinating salt water, the water purification component having multiple stages through which the salt water passes, and condensers in each of the stages; and a photovoltaic component configured to heat the salt water prior to the salt water entering a first stage of the water purification component, wherein desalinated water evaporates and condenses in each of the stages to be collected as pure water. A system using reverse osmosis and a heat-driven water pump is also provided. Methods for water purification are also provided.