A reverse osmosis system includes a membrane housing comprising a reverse osmosis membrane therein. The membrane housing comprising a feed fluid inlet, a brine outlet and a permeate outlet. A first turbocharger has a first pump portion and a first turbine portion. The brine outlet is coupled to a first pipe directing a first portion of brine to the first pump portion. The first pump portion is in fluid communication with the feed fluid inlet. A feed pump communicates feed fluid to the feed fluid inlet through the first turbine portion. The brine outlet is coupled to a second pipe directing a second portion of brine toward a drain through a brine control valve.

A reverse osmosis system includes a membrane housing comprising a reverse osmosis membrane therein. The membrane housing comprising a feed fluid inlet, a brine outlet and a permeate outlet. A first turbocharger has a first pump portion and a first turbine portion. The brine outlet is coupled to a first pipe directing a first portion of brine to the first pump portion. The first pump portion is in fluid communication with the feed fluid inlet. A feed pump communicates feed fluid to the feed fluid inlet through the first turbine portion. The brine outlet is coupled to a second pipe directing a second portion of brine toward a drain through a brine control valve.

A system and method for treating water containing at least one contaminant. The system and method include a water treatment module such as a reverse osmosis unit. An electrochemical contaminant detection system is positioned in the waste water stream of the water treatment module. The contaminant detection system includes a contaminant sensor and a water quality sensor module. The contaminant sensor measures the concentration of the contaminant in the waste water stream and the water quality sensor module measures one or more water quality parameters of the waste water stream. A processor uses an algorithm to determine the concentration of the contaminant in the feed water based on the measurements of the contaminant sensor and water quality sensor module.

A water purification apparatus and method for optimizing efficiency of the water purification apparatus comprising a fluid circuit including a Reverse Osmosis, RO, unit (3), providing a permeate flow, and an electrically controlled deionization unit (4) downstream the RO unit (3) receiving at least part of the permeate flow. The method comprises obtaining (S1) a value indicative of power consumption by the electrically controlled deionization unit and determining (S2) whether the obtained value indicative of the power consumption meets at least one criterion. The method further comprises controlling recirculation of reject water produced by the water purification apparatus, based on a result of the determining (S2), in order to optimize efficiency of the water purification apparatus.

A resistivity adjustment device includes: a hollow fiber membrane module that is divided by a hollow fiber membrane into a liquid phase side area; a liquid supply pipe that communicates with the liquid phase side area; a liquid discharge pipe that communicates with the liquid phase side area; a gas supply pipe that communicates with the gas phase side area; a gas discharge pipe that communicates with the gas phase side area; a bypass pipe that communicates with the liquid supply pipe and the liquid discharge pipe to bypass the hollow fiber membrane module; and a first on-off valve that is connected to the gas discharge pipe and opens or closes a first passage inside the gas discharge pipe, wherein the first on-off valve opens the first passage to discharge water accumulated in the gas phase side area.

A system and a method for reusing waste water from a Reverse Osmosis (RO) filtering process are described, said system including: a Reverse Osmosis (RO) filtration system, from which a flow of highly alkaline waste water results; two tanks intended to receive waste water and able to alternately determine the physical and chemical properties of waste water through sensors or, and perform homogenization, chlorination and chemical treatments of said waste water; an output line which comprises a pump and connects the tanks to a reservoir; and said reservoir being able to blend the water treated by the tanks with treated chlorinated drinking water, depending on the physical and chemical properties of these volumes of water; the chlorination and chemical treatment includes addition of a hypochlorite compound, which reaction releases chlorine in the waste water and causes evaporation of at least O.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gases, reducing the alkaline pH of said waste water.

A method for controlling treatment of an industrial water system is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing an apparatus for controlling delivery of at least one treatment chemical, the apparatus comprising at least one sensor and an electronic input/output device carrying out a protocol; measuring a parameter of the industrial water system using the at least one sensor; relaying the measured parameter to the electronic device; adjusting the protocol based on the measured parameter; delivering a concentrated treatment chemical into a stream of the industrial water system according to the adjusted protocol, the concentrated treatment chemical comprising an active ingredient, the active ingredient traced as necessary, the active ingredient having a concentration; repeating the measuring, the adjusting, and the delivering; and optionally repeating the steps for n-number of parameters, n-number of active ingredients, and/or n-number of concentrated treatment chemicals.

A reverse osmosis system and a method of operating the same includes a membrane housing comprising a reverse osmosis membrane therein. The membrane housing has a feed fluid inlet, a brine outlet and a permeate outlet. A first turbocharger has a first pump portion and a first turbine portion. The brine outlet is coupled to a first pipe directing a first portion of brine to the first pump portion. The first pump portion is in fluid communication with the feed fluid inlet. A feed pump communicates feed fluid to the feed fluid inlet. The brine outlet is coupled to a second pipe directing a second portion of brine away from the first pump portion.

A system for descaling apparatus is described. The system provides for: a water inlet feedstream; a reverse osmosis system in fluid communication with the water inlet feedstream, in which the reverse osmosis system produces a water permeate output feedstream; and a pressurised carbon dioxide feedstream. The pressurised carbon dioxide feedstream and water permeate output feedstream are arranged in use to combine to produce a pressurised carbonic acid input feedstream.

A reverse osmosis system and a method of operating the same includes a membrane housing comprising a reverse osmosis membrane therein. The membrane housing has a feed fluid inlet, a brine outlet and a permeate outlet. A first turbocharger has a first pump portion and a first turbine portion. The brine outlet is coupled to a first pipe directing a first portion of brine to the first pump portion. The first pump portion is in fluid communication with the feed fluid inlet. A feed pump communicates feed fluid to the feed fluid inlet. The brine outlet is coupled to a second pipe directing a second portion of brine away from the first pump portion.