The present disclosure relates to a method for determining the necessity of an action and/or a success of an action involving water, especially drinking water, process water or waste water, including steps as follows: providing a retentate of a water filter present in a water conveying line, analyzing the retentate regarding at least one property and/or its chemical composition, and determining the necessity or success of the action and, in given cases, deriving the action from the analysis. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a system including a means for providing the retentate of a water filter in a water conveying line and a measuring/analytical means for performing the analysis.

Biocide can be controllably added to a feed stream for a membrane. The membrane can separate the feed stream into a purified permeate stream and a concentrate stream containing contaminants from the feed stream. In some examples, a charge neutral biocide is introduced into the feed stream at a first addition rate. The concentration of the charge neutral biocide in the permeate stream is measured to provide a measured concentration of the charge neutral biocide in the permeate stream. The addition rate of the charge neutral biocide can be adjusted based on the measured concentration of the charge neutral biocide in the permeate stream to introduce charge neutral biocide into the feed stream at a second addition rate different than the first addition rate.

Portable water conditioning systems include a water conditioner having a plurality of conditioning stages including, in a direction of flow of the water through the water conditioner, a reverse osmosis stage having a reverse osmosis membrane, and a deionizing stage. A first sensor is configured to detect a first condition of the water before the reverse osmosis stage and a second sensor configured to detect a second condition of the water after the reverse osmosis stage. The conditions each include (i) a level of total dissolved solids of the water and (ii) temperature of the water. A controller is in communication with the sensors and configured to determine of a percent of dissolved solids that are rejected by the reverse osmosis membrane based on the conditions when backpressure on the reverse osmosis stage is at a known state.

A portable filtration system is described. The system may comprise: a mixing portion, comprising: a pump adaptor and a contaminant regulator. The pump adaptor may comprise: an upper plate, a lower plate, and a screen. The screen may axially extend between the upper and lower plates, wherein the upper plate, the lower plate, and the screen define a channel of a mixing chamber. The contaminant regulator may comprise a through-passage coupled to the upper plate, wherein the through-passage is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber.

The disclosure relates to water treatment systems that may be used to remove impurities from water, particularly systems that inserted at the point of entry of a water supply into a building.

Portable water conditioning systems include a water conditioner having a plurality of conditioning stages including, in a direction of flow of the water through the water conditioner, a reverse osmosis stage having a reverse osmosis membrane, and a deionizing stage. A first sensor is configured to detect a first condition of the water before the reverse osmosis stage and a second sensor configured to detect a second condition of the water after the reverse osmosis stage. The conditions each include (i) a level of total dissolved solids of the water and (ii) temperature of the water. A controller is in communication with the sensors and configured to determine of a percent of dissolved solids that are rejected by the reverse osmosis membrane based on the conditions when backpressure on the reverse osmosis stage is at a known state.

This specification describes a method for lowering the content of monovalent ions in a final concentrate of a nanofiltration system relative to a brine and a corresponding nanofiltration system. The nanofiltration system comprises at least three stages of nanofiltration, wherein the concentrate from each segment flows into the next segment. A feed stream is sent into one stage to generate a concentrate stream, and a first portion of the concentrate stream is recirculated to the one stage. The pH of the feed stream is controlled in a range of 2-7. The temperature of the feed stream is in a range of 20-60° C. The feed stream includes the recirculated concentrate stream and at least part of a concentrate generated from an upstream stage. The method and the system described herein can reduce the concentration of monovalent ions in the final concentrate during a nanofiltration separation process.

Provided herein are membrane separation systems and methods suitable for use in separating carbonylation catalyst from a beta-lactone product stream. Such membrane separation systems utilize a cross flow separation technique and employ a sweep stream.

A portable filtration system is described. The system may comprise: a mixing portion, comprising: a pump adaptor and a contaminant regulator. The pump adaptor may comprise: an upper plate, a lower plate, and a screen. The screen may axially extend between the upper and lower plates, wherein the upper plate, the lower plate, and the screen define a channel of a mixing chamber. The contaminant regulator may comprise a through-passage coupled to the upper plate, wherein the through-passage is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber.

The water dispensing device of the present invention with the given flow path of water and the control circuit configured store at least two threshold TDS values X.sub.A and X.sub.B, wherein X.sub.A is a higher TDS value than X.sub.B; and to drain water from the treatment unit through the drain line, when TDS value sensed is higher than X.sub.A, and alternately when the sensed value of TDS is less than X.sub.B then direct water from the reject line into the first recycle line; it was seen that the TDS of the output water of the device was in a constant range and the device of the present invention also contributed to minimizing the wastage of water by allowing recycling of water through the reject line of the treatment unit.