Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which ion-selective separation and multi-stage osmotic separation is used to produce multivalent-ion-rich process streams. According to certain embodiments, multiple separations may be used to process an aqueous feed stream containing solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions to produce a stream enriched in the multivalent ions. The separations may be arranged, according to certain embodiments, to enhance the overall separation process such that the product stream containsrelative to the initial aqueous feed streama high amount of multivalent ions, a high amount of water from the aqueous feed stream, and/or a high ratio of multivalent ions to monovalent ions.

Systems for filtering water according to its isotopic forms. In some embodiments, a stream of water, such as a waste stream of water from a nuclear power plant, comprising at least two distinct isotopic forms of water may be directed into one or more filtration modules comprising a graphene oxide membrane. The graphene oxide membrane(s) may be used to separate the stream into a permeate and a retentate, wherein the permeate comprises an increased concentration of light water relative to the retentate.

The invention relates to a method for producing alcohols by homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins to aldehydes and subsequent hydration of the aldehydes. The invention further relates to a system for carrying out the method. The main focus is on the separation technique for work-up of the hydroformylation mixture. The problem addressed by the invention is that specifying a work-up method for hydroformylation mixtures that utilizes the specific advantages of known separation technologies but at the same time largely avoids the specific disadvantages of said separation technologies. The most important objective is to create a catalyst separation system that is as complete and at the same time conservative as possible and that operates in a technically reliable manner and entails low investment and operating costs. The method should be unrestrictedly suitable for processing the reaction output from oxo systems in world scale format. The problem is solved by combining membrane separation units and a thermal separation unit, the thermal separation unit being operated in such a manner that 80% to 98% of the mass introduced with the product stream into the thermal separation unit exits the thermal separation unit again as a head product.

A point-of-use water filtration system having an idle mode and a filtration mode, the water filtration system including a feed water inlet, a pump in fluid communication with the feed water inlet via a feed water line, and a semi-permeable membrane having an upstream side and a downstream side. A first portion of the upstream side is in fluid communication with a membrane inlet and a second portion of the upstream side is in fluid communication with the concentrate outlet, and the downstream side is in fluid communication with a permeate outlet. The point-of-use water filtration system also includes a permeate line in fluid communication with the permeate outlet and a filtered water outlet, a concentrate line in fluid communication with the concentrate outlet, a flow path configured to selectively connect the permeate line to the feed water line; and a controller configured to anticipate demand for the filtration mode based on operator habit information stored in a memory of the controller when the water filtration system is in the idle mode and to recirculate water in the permeate line through the pump and the semi-permeable membrane in response to the anticipated demand for the filtration mode.

Provided is a reciprocating submerged membrane filtration apparatus including: a membrane tank comprising a submerged membrane and configured to intake influent wastewater to be treated, the influent wastewater being filtered through the submerged membrane to produce treated water; and a reciprocation apparatus configured to move the membrane to create an inertia force which shakes foulants off from the submerged membrane under oxygen-deficient conditions, wherein the submerged membrane comprises a microfiltration (MF) membrane or an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane.

A water treatment device includes a primary unit having a plurality of primary elements as reverse osmosis membrane devices disposed in parallel with each other to separate water to be treated into primary condensed water and fresh water; a pump which feeds the water to be treated from the upstream side of the primary unit to the primary unit; a secondary unit having secondary elements which are provided to be fewer in number than the primary elements and separate the primary condensed water into secondary condensed water and fresh water; a sub-element which separates one of the water to be treated and the primary condensed water; and a mode switching unit which switches the sub-element between a primary mode of being used as the primary element in the primary unit and a secondary mode of being used as the secondary element in the secondary unit.

A water treatment subsea installation and method are disclosed, adapted for scaling prevention and treatment of raw seawater into process water suitable for use in subsea hydrocarbon production. The water treatment installation comprises a seawater inlet to a primary filtration unit wherein a filtration membrane separates a receiving chamber from a permeate chamber having an outlet for treated water. A pump is installed in fluid flow communication with the treated water outlet, a recirculation loop feeding a portion of the treated water via a subsea electro-chlorinator back to the water stream upstream or downstream of the membrane of the primary filtration unit, and a secondary filtration unit is installed in the treated water stream between the primary filtration unit and the electro-chlorinator.

Disclosed are an integrated composite filter cartridge (200) and a water purifying system (300) having same. The integrated composite filter cartridge (200) comprises: an outer shell (20), wherein a chamber (21) is defined in the outer shell (20), and the outer shell (20) is provided with a raw water inlet (22), a pre-treated water outlet (23), a pre-treated water inlet (24), a purified water outlet (25) and a waste water outlet (26) which are in communication with the chamber (21); a pre-treatment filter cartridge (100); a central pipe (30); a filter membrane (40); and a control member, which is connected to the pre-treated water outlet (23) and the pre-treated water inlet (24). When the integrated composite filter cartridge (200) is used for the first time, the control member switches on the raw water inlet (22) and the pre-treated water outlet (23) and switches off the pre-treated water inlet (24).

An integrated forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) module and systems and methods incorporating the module is disclosed providing higher efficiencies and using less energy. The FO-MD module is osmotically and thermally isolated. The isolation can prevent mixing of FO draw solution/FO permeate and MD feed, and minimize dilution of FO draw solution and cooling of MD feed. The module provides MD feed solution and FO draw solution streams that flow in the same module but are separated by an isolation barrier. The osmotically and thermally isolated FO-MD integrated module, systems and methods offer higher driving forces of both FO and MD processes, higher recovery, and wider application than previously proposed hybrid FO-MD systems.

A water purification apparatus (1) comprising a Reverse Osmosis, RO, device (26). The RO device (26) comprises a RO membrane (26a) and a feed pump (23). The apparatus (1) also comprises a recirculation mechanism (33) arranged to recirculate a portion of the reject water to the feed water, a temperature sensor device arranged to measure a temperature indicative of the temperature of the RO membrane (26a), and a flow rate sensor device arranged to measure a flow rate indicative of the permeate flow rate of the permeate water. The apparatus (1) further comprises a control arrangement (50) configured to control recirculation to achieve a predetermined recovery ratio. The control arrangement (50) is also configured to control the rate of the feed pump (23), based on the measured temperature indicative of the temperature of the RO membrane (26a) and a desired permeate conductivity, to make the permeate flow rate equal to, or within a predetermined margin of, an energy efficient permeate flow rate determined based on a predetermined relation between RO membrane temperature, permeate flow rate and permeate conductivity. The disclosure also related to a corresponding method.