A chemical liquid manufacturing apparatus, including a first system and a second system, is provided. The first system includes at least one first filtration medium, selected from a first filter, a first ion exchange membrane and a first ion adsorption membrane, wherein the first system is configured to process a material of at least one time. The second system includes at least one second filtration medium, selected from a second filter, a second ion exchange membrane and a second ion adsorption membrane, wherein the second system is configured for recirculation and to process the material of at least two times.

The present invention describes a syrup of tagatose and galactose as main components together with other secondary products such as glycerol, oligosaccharides and other sugars in a minority amount.

The present invention relates to a complex of formula (II) constituted of at least 90% of a diastereoisomeric excess comprising a mixture of isomers II-RRR and II-SSS of formulae:

##STR00001##

The present invention also relates to a process for preparing and purifying said complex of formula (II), and also to a composition comprising said complex.

A portable water conditioning system is provided that includes a water conditioner, a first sensor, a second sensor, and a controller. The water conditioner has a plurality of conditioning stages that condition water. The plurality of conditioning stages include, in a direction of flow of the water through the water conditioner, a reverse osmosis stage and a deionizing stage. The first sensor detects a first condition of the water before the reverse osmosis stage. The second sensor detects a second condition of the water after the reverse osmosis stage. The controller is in communication with the first and second sensors and determines a health status of the reverse osmosis stage based the first and second conditions. The first and second conditions each include a level of total dissolved solids of the water.

The present invention relates to a complex of formula (II) constituted of at least 90% of a diastereoisomeric excess comprising a mixture of isomers II-RRR and II-SSS of formulae: ##STR00001## The present invention also relates to a process for preparing and purifying said complex of formula (II), and also to a composition comprising said complex.

An object of the present invention is to provide a chemical liquid purification method which makes it possible to obtain a chemical liquid having excellent defect inhibition performance. The chemical liquid purification method according to an embodiment of the present invention is a chemical liquid purification method including obtaining a chemical liquid by filtering a substance to be purified containing an organic solvent by using two or more kinds of filters having different pore sizes, in which a supply pressure P.sub.1 of the substance to be purified supplied to a filter F.sub.max having a maximum pore size X.sub.1 among the two or more kinds of filters and a supply pressure P.sub.2 of the substance to be purified supplied to a filter F.sub.min having a minimum pore size X.sub.2 among the two or more kinds of filters satisfy P.sub.1>P.sub.2.

A method for efficiently treating boron from water to be treated, an apparatus for producing pure water, and a method for producing pure water. An apparatus for removing boron includes a low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane apparatus to which is supplied water to be treated, a pH adjustment apparatus to adjust a pH of permeated water from the low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane apparatus to 5.0 to 9.0, a high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane apparatus to which is supplied the water adjusted by the pH adjustment apparatus, and an electrodeionization to which is supplied permeated water from the high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane apparatus.

The invention relates to a device for membrane filtration and for the removal of micropollutants from liquids by way of a reactive substance, the device comprising a reaction chamber and at least one port for supplying and/or discharging the reactive substance to and/or from the reaction chamber, such that the micropollutants are able to react with the reactive substance in the reaction chamber and/or may be removed from a liquid, and the reaction chamber comprising a first membrane and a second membrane, the first membrane being designed as an inlet into the reaction chamber and the second membrane being designed as an outlet from the reaction chamber, such that the liquid to be treated is able to be filtered by the first membrane and to flow into the reaction chamber, the liquid treated with the reactive substance in the reaction chamber is able to be filtered by the second membrane and to flow out of the reaction chamber, and the outflow of treated liquid is substantially free from micropollutants.

An ultrapure water manufacturing facility includes: a first tank; a plurality of reverse osmosis membranes sequentially arranged downstream of the first tank; an electrodeionization device arranged downstream of the plurality of reverse osmosis membranes; an ion exchange resin tower arranged downstream of the electrodeionization device and filled with a boron selective resin; and a chemical supplier arranged between the plurality of reverse osmosis membranes and configured to supply a pH regulator to treatment-target water.

An ultrapure water manufacturing facility includes: a first tank; a plurality of reverse osmosis membranes sequentially arranged downstream of the first tank; an electrodeionization device arranged downstream of the plurality of reverse osmosis membranes; an ion exchange resin tower arranged downstream of the electrodeionization device and filled with a boron selective resin; and a chemical supplier arranged between the plurality of reverse osmosis membranes and configured to supply a pH regulator to treatment-target water.