The disclosed technology relates to a water filtration and delivery system for a dialysis unit. The water nitration and delivery system including: a laminarizer, the laminizer producing a laminarizer flow; an ultrafiltration unit, the ultrafiltration unit being placed downstream and connected to the laminarizer, the ultrafiltration unit receiving the laminar flow from the laminarizer; and at least one carbon filter, the at least one carbon filter being placed downstream from the ultrafiltration unit, the at least one carbon filter receiving the laminar flow, wherein the laminar flow causes less stress on internal components of the ultrafiltration unit and the at least one carbon filter.

The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to systems and methods of fluid treatment systems. Fluid treatment systems and methods thereof may be operable to remove contaminants and optionally reduce hardness. A fluid treatment system may comprise a feed stream configured to provide a contaminated fluid, a concentrate tank configured to receive the contaminated fluid from the feed stream, a filtration unit configured to receive the contaminated fluid from the concentrate tank, and a permeate stream operable to receive a treated fluid from the filtration unit. A concentrate tank may be operable to reduce hardness of the contaminated fluid. A filtration unit may be operable to filter contaminants from the contaminated fluid.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate, and a device therefor. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing lithium hydroxide, comprising: a step of dissolving lithium phosphate in an acid; a step of preparing a monovalent ion selective-type electrodialysis device disposed in the order of a cathode cell containing a cathode separator, a monovalent anion selective-type dialysis membrane for selectively permeating a monovalent anion, a monovalent cation selective-type dialysis membrane for selectively permeating a monovalent cation, and an anode cell containing an anode separator, injecting the lithium phosphate dissolved in the acid between the anode separator of the anode cell and the monovalent cation selective-type dialysis membrane, and between the cathode separator of the cathode cell and the monovalent anion selective-type dialysis membrane, respectively, and injecting water between the monovalent cation selective-type dialysis membrane and the monovalent anion selective-type dialysis membrane; a step of obtaining an aqueous lithium chloride solution, and at the same time, obtaining a phosphoric acid aqueous solution formed as a byproduct, by applying an electric current to the monovalent ion selective-type electrodialysis device; and a step of converting the obtained aqueous lithium chloride solution into an aqueous lithium hydroxide solution.

A method of producing a sugar liquid includes filtering a cellulose-derived sugar liquid through one or more separation membranes selected from the group consisting of an ultrafiltration membrane, a nanofiltration membrane and a reverse osmosis membrane and washing the separation membrane(s) after filtration with washing water containing an alkaline substance and an aromatic compound at 10? C. or more and less than 50? C.

The present invention relates to water treatment process using pyrophylite ceramic membrane which purifies contaminant from wastewater by applying the pyrophylite ceramic membrane with immersion type, more particularly, in the water treatment process using the pyrophylite ceramic membrane including pyrophylite with 80 weight and alumina with 20 weight, characterized that comprises a S-1 step which pyrophylite ceramic membrane 10 is embedded and raw water is supplied to a reactor 100 blocked from outside, a S-2 step which obtains permenate water by operating suction pump 130 connected with the pyrophylite ceramic membrane 10, a S-3 step which recovers gas generated from the reactor 100 and a S-4 step which circulates part of gas generated from the reactor 100 to the reactor 100.

The present invention generally provides a process for treating a soapstock. The present invention more particularly provides systems and methods for treating a soapstock to generate free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives, e.g. fatty acid alkyl esters. The present invention more particularly provides systems and methods for realizing the full fatty acid yield of a soapstock by first converting substantially all of the saponifiable material in a soapstock to salts of fatty acids (soaps) and acidulating the soaps to generate free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives, e.g. fatty acid alkyl esters, wherein the soapstock comprises soaps and saponifiable lipids, e.g. glycerides and/or phospholipids, and the generating of free fatty acids and/or fatty acid is achieved without the use of a mineral acid.

A method of producing a sugar liquid derived from a cellulose-containing biomass includes (a) saccharifying a pretreated product having alignin content of not more than 8.5% obtained by pretreatment of a cellulose-containing biomass, to obtain a saccharified liquid; (b) filtering the saccharified liquid obtained in Step (a) through a microfiltration membrane to allow formation of a cake on a membrane surface in a feed side while obtaining a sugar liquid from a permeate side; and (c) collecting the cake formed on the membrane surface in Step (b) by peeling from the membrane.

A method of producing a sugar liquid derived from a cellulose-containing biomass includes (a) saccharifying a pretreated product having alignin content of not more than 8.5% obtained by pretreatment of a cellulose-containing biomass, to obtain a saccharified liquid; (b) filtering the saccharified liquid obtained in Step (a) through a microfiltration membrane to allow formation of a cake on a membrane surface in a feed side while obtaining a sugar liquid from a permeate side; and (c) collecting the cake formed on the membrane surface in Step (b) by peeling from the membrane.

A water treatment apparatus includes a flow channel in which waters to be treated 100a to 100g circulate, bactericide injection means 2 for injecting a chlorine-based bactericide 2a in an injection position 2A of the flow channel, and reverse osmosis membrane modules 12 and 13 which are disposed in the flow channel on a downstream side from the injection position 2A and have reverse osmosis membranes 12b and 13b. In the flow channel, at least one kind of metal or metal compound selected from metals or metal compounds described in (1), (2), and (3) is disposed as a catalyst between the injection position and the reverse osmosis membrane modules. (1) Metals that belong to group 8 elements, group 9 elements, and group 10 elements (2) Metals that belong to group 2 elements (3) Hydroxides, oxides, carbonates, and sulfates as metal compounds of the respective metals described in (1) and (2)

According to one embodiment, an amine-containing water concentration system includes an osmotic pressure generator and a carbon dioxide introducing unit. The osmotic pressure generator includes a treatment vessel, a first chamber to which the water to be treated is supplied, a second chamber capable of storing a working medium, and a semipermeable membrane that partitions the first chamber and the second chamber, which are located in the treatment vessel. The carbon dioxide introducing unit is capable of introducing carbon dioxide into the water to be treated.