A dosing control method for micro-flocculation in ultrafiltration, including: calculating a preset value of a first differential pressure before an initial backwash and a preset value of a second differential pressure before a final backwash in each chemically enhanced backwash cycle; calculating a preset value of a third differential pressure between the first differential pressure and the second differential pressure according to the preset value of the first differential pressure and the preset value of the second differential pressure; obtaining a predicted value of the third differential pressure according to a differential pressure curve plotted based on online filtration differential pressure data; and comparing the preset value of the third differential pressure and the predicted value of the third differential pressure to determine whether to dose. A dosing control system is also provided.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are destroyed by oxidation in supercritical conditions. PFAS in water is concentrated in a reverse osmosis step and salt from the resulting solution is removed in supercritical conditions prior to destruction of PFAS in supercritical conditions.

A dosing control method for micro-flocculation in ultrafiltration, including: calculating a preset value of a first differential pressure before an initial backwash and a preset value of a second differential pressure before a final backwash in each chemically enhanced backwash cycle; calculating a preset value of a third differential pressure between the first differential pressure and the second differential pressure according to the preset value of the first differential pressure and the preset value of the second differential pressure; obtaining a predicted value of the third differential pressure according to a differential pressure curve plotted based on online filtration differential pressure data; and comparing the preset value of the third differential pressure and the predicted value of the third differential pressure to determine whether to dose. A dosing control system is also provided.

The invention relates to a method for treating fluoride-containing, in particular HF containing wastewater to remove fluoride and to a corresponding apparatus. In the new method calcium carbonate is reacted in a reaction step at an acidic pH≤4 with the fluoride in the wastewater to form calcium fluoride particles. Then, in a subsequent filtration step said calcium fluoride particles are separated by a porous membrane from the treated wastewater. The inventive apparatus comprises at least one reaction container/tank for reacting calcium carbonate at an acidic pH≤4 with fluoride in the wastewater to form calcium fluoride particles, as well as at least one porous membrane, in particular at least one porous ceramic membrane for separating calcium fluoride particles from the treated wastewater in a filtration step.

A precipitation system for precipitating the target component is provided. The precipitation system includes: a reverse osmosis module; a precipitation device; a membrane separation device that includes a semipermeable membrane module including a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a semipermeable membrane, and that makes the feed solution after precipitation of the target component in the precipitation device flow to each of the first chamber and the second chamber and pressurizes the feed solution in the first chamber to transfer water into the second chamber via the semipermeable membrane and thereby concentrate the feed solution in the first chamber and dilute the feed solution in the second chamber; first return means for returning the feed solution concentrated in the membrane separation device to the precipitation device; and second return means for returning the feed solution diluted in the membrane separation device to the reverse osmosis module.

The present invention relates to a method for extracting microvesicles from a biological sample, the method comprising the steps of: adding a polyvalent cationic material to the biological sample to form an aggregate in which the microvesicles and the polyvalent cationic material are aggregated by electrical force; capturing the aggregate by a capture filter while the biological sample including the aggregate passes through the capture filter; and extracting the microvesicles by allowing an elution solution to pass through the capture filter with the aggregate captured therein to isolate the microvesicles from the aggregate. Accordingly, microvesicles may be extracted using a polyvalent cationic material, without a centrifugation process.

The present disclosure provides a system for refining long chain dicarboxylic acid, comprising: a first membrane filtration unit, for a first membrane filtration of a long chain dicarboxylic acid fermentation broth or a treated liquid therefrom; a first decolorization unit, for carrying out a first decolorization treatment to the filtrate obtained after the membrane filtration; a first acidification/crystallization unit, for carrying out a first acidification/crystallization of a filtrate obtained after the membrane filtration to give a solid-liquid mixture; a first separation unit, for a solid-liquid separation of the solid-liquid mixture; a drying unit, for drying the solid separated by the separation unit to give a first solid. By using the refining system according to the present disclosure, the purity of the obtained product is high, and the disadvantages such as poor quality of the product obtained by crystallization from a solvent and environment pollution caused by a solvent can be overcome.

The present invention discloses a microencapsulation method for improving stability of anthocyanin, a product therefrom and use thereof. A preparation method of anthocyanin microcapsules includes: (1) taking sodium alginate as a wall material, adding sodium alginate and calcium carbonate into water, and swelling for 1-2 h to obtain a wall material gel system; (2) taking anthocyanin prepared by a special process as a core material, and fully and uniformly mixing the wall material gel system with an anthocyanin solution to obtain a water phase; (3) mixing Span80 and vegetable oil to obtain an oil phase, mixing the water phase with the oil phase, and magnetically stirring for emulsifying to obtain a W/O emulsion; and (4) adjusting the pH of the W/O emulsion to be acidic, mixing the W/O emulsion with a salt buffer solution, standing for 1-2 h, and then separating the oil phase and the water phase.

A preparation method of lithium hydroxide includes the following steps: A. coprecipitating a lithium extraction mother solution of salt lake brine with an aluminum salt solution and a sodium hydroxide solution, aging and then performing solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain lithium aluminum hydrotalcite; B. acidifying the lithium aluminum hydrotalcite to obtain a lithium aluminate solution; C. performing nanofiltration on the lithium aluminate solution for lithium-aluminum separation, and sequentially performing primary concentration by reverse osmosis to obtain a primary concentrated lithium-rich solution; D. deeply removing aluminum from the lithium-rich solution to obtain an aluminum-removed lithium-rich solution; E. performing bipolar membrane electrodialysis on the aluminum-removed lithium-rich solution to obtain a secondary concentrated lithium-rich solution; F. evaporating the secondary concentrated lithium-rich solution for concentration to obtain lithium hydroxide.

Methods for processing pretreated phosphogypsum wastewater are disclosed. The pretreated wastewater may be subjected to electrodialysis involving at least one monovalent cation selective membrane. Further downstream membrane treatment may be applied. Upstream precipitation and air-stripping techniques may optionally also be employed. Related systems are also disclosed.