A system for electrohydromodulation of wastewater. In an embodiment, the system comprises an anode in contact with at least one anodic chamber and a cathode in contact with a cathodic chamber. Each anodic chamber and the cathodic chamber are configured to receive a flow of wastewater. A first multivalent cation exchange membrane, between each anodic chamber and the cathodic chamber, allows multivalent cations to pass therethrough while preventing monovalent ions to pass therethrough. A power source is electrically coupled to each anode and the cathode, and is configured to apply a voltage across wastewater in the anodic chamber and the cathodic chamber, to thereby cause multivalent cations in the wastewater to pass through the multivalent cation exchange membrane.

A membrane separation pretreatment apparatus including a membrane separation unit and a first underwater plasma discharge unit disposed in front of the membrane separation unit is provided. The membrane separation pretreatment apparatus includes a membrane separation unit configured to remove particulate matter contained in raw water, and a first underwater plasma discharge unit disposed in front of the membrane separation unit and configured to cause a portion of the raw water to be introduced into the membrane separation unit to perform underwater plasma discharging.

A method, system and composition is described for treating waste generated from manufacturing operations including at least one of Printed Circuit Boards Fabrication (PCB FAB), General Metal Finishing (GMF), semiconductors manufacturing, chemical milling, and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The method, system and composition are used to create zero liquid discharge recycling.

A method of treating aqueous, preferably concentrated, waste streams with a unique combination of steps in a way that is easily scalable and able to be used with batch or continuous flows. The method comprises at least the following steps: Adding at least one precipitating agent to the waste water to produce precipitated solids; and removing the precipitated solids from the waste water using a forward flushable membrane to remove the precipitate solids.

The treatment system provides a feature that may reduce cost of the electrochemical plating process by reusing the virgin makeup solution in the spent electrochemical plating bath. The treatment system provides a rotating filter shaft which receives the spent electrochemical plating bath and captures the additives and by-products created by the additives during the electrochemical plating process. To capture the additives and the by-products, the rotating filter shaft includes one or more types of membranes. Materials such as semi-permeable membrane are used to capture the used additives and by-products in the spent electrochemical plating bath. The treatment system may be equipped with an electrochemical sensor to monitor a level of additives in the filtered electrochemical plating bath.

A wastewater treatment system includes a biological treatment plant and an auxiliary, non-biological treatment plant. The auxiliary plant receives overflow, which can be sanitary sewer overflow, combined sewer overflow or strictly storm overflow. Treatment is by coagulation and membrane separation, removing most bacteria. Following treatment the outflow can be discharged to streams.

The present invention relates method for purifying antibodies, said method comprising a limited number of steps while still allowing obtaining high yields of purified antibodies with an appropriate degree of purity. Briefly, this method comprises only filtration and precipitation steps, omitting the need for chromatography steps.

Process for upgrading effluent treatment plants for pulp and paper production processes, where salts are removed from the effluent for water reuse and chemical recovery. The process comprises a first dialysis system for salt removal, a second treatment system for recovery or re-concentration, and optionally a post-treatment of the re-concentrate preventing liquid discharges to the environment. In the first system, a reversible electrodialysis or reversible pulsed step is carried out, separating the salts from the effluent, which are sent to the second treatment system to concentrate the salts (re-concentrate) or transform them into useful chemicals for the same process (recovery). Chemical recovery is achieved by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes or metathesis, to reduce the re-concentrate stream, which cannot be reused in the same plant. Lastly, this stream may be treated by spray drying, crystallization or evaporation.

A method includes supplying a supersaturated brine stream having a plurality of minerals and anti-scalant from a water treatment system to a gypsum removal system disposed within a mineral removal system. The gypsum removal system includes a gypsum reactor that may receive the supersaturated brine, may deactivate the anti-scalant such that gypsum precipitates from the supersaturated brine, and may generate a gypsum slurry having a mixture of desupersaturated brine, precipitated gypsum, and the anti-scalant in solution with the desupersaturated brine. The method also includes supplying gypsum seed crystals to the gypsum reactor. The gypsum seed crystals may precipitate the gypsum from the supersaturated brine to generate the gypsum slurry. The method also includes directing a first portion of the gypsum slurry from the gypsum reactor to a gypsum settler. The gypsum settler may reactivate the anti-scalant such that the anti-scalant absorbs onto the precipitated gypsum to remove the anti-scalant from the desupersaturated brine and may generate anti-scalant-gypsum crystals and a desupersaturated overflow having at least a portion of the plurality of minerals. The method further includes generating the gypsum seed crystals supplied to the gypsum reactor using the anti-scalant-gypsum crystals.

A method includes supplying a supersaturated brine stream having a plurality of minerals and anti-scalant from a water treatment system to a gypsum removal system disposed within a mineral removal system. The gypsum removal system includes a gypsum reactor that may receive the supersaturated brine, may deactivate the anti-scalant such that gypsum precipitates from the supersaturated brine, and may generate a gypsum slurry having a mixture of desupersaturated brine, precipitated gypsum, and the anti-scalant in solution with the desupersaturated brine. The method also includes supplying gypsum seed crystals to the gypsum reactor. The gypsum seed crystals may precipitate the gypsum from the supersaturated brine to generate the gypsum slurry. The method also includes directing a first portion of the gypsum slurry from the gypsum reactor to a gypsum settler. The gypsum settler may reactivate the anti-scalant such that the anti-scalant absorbs onto the precipitated gypsum to remove the anti-scalant from the desupersaturated brine and may generate anti-scalant-gypsum crystals and a desupersaturated overflow having at least a portion of the plurality of minerals. The method further includes generating the gypsum seed crystals supplied to the gypsum reactor using the anti-scalant-gypsum crystals.