A reverse osmosis system for a seawater desalination system is provided. The reverse osmosis system includes: a high pressure pump configured to supply pretreated seawater at high pressure; a reverse osmosis apparatus configured to desalinate by reverse osmosis the seawater supplied from the high pressure pump; and a pressure exchanger connected to a high salinity water outlet of the reverse osmosis apparatus and configured to recover part of pressure of discharged high salinity water to the reverse osmosis apparatus, wherein the reverse osmosis apparatus includes: a vessel in which a plurality of reverse osmosis membrane units are arranged in a first stage and a second stage; an inflow and outflow portion coupled to a first end of the vessel and connected to a seawater inlet and a high salinity water outlet; a partition wall configured to partition an inner space of the inflow and outflow portion into two spaces; and a transport space portion coupled to a second end of the vessel and configured to guide the seawater moved from a plurality of reverse osmosis membrane units arranged in the first stage to move to a plurality of reverse osmosis membrane units arranged in the second stage.

Systems and methods used to control tangential flow filtration are provided, including control systems and methods for use with connected systems with upstream processing units, such as chromatography processing units, in fluid communication with a tangential flow filtration processing unit. Also included are control systems and methods for performing continuous concentration using single-pass tangential flow filtration with permeate flow control.

Systems and methods used to control tangential flow filtration are provided, including control systems and methods for use with connected systems with upstream processing units, such as chromatography processing units, in fluid communication with a tangential flow filtration processing unit. Also included are control systems and methods for performing continuous concentration using single-pass tangential flow filtration with permeate flow control.

A method for producing an ethanol solution includes obtaining, from a starting liquid, a liquid feed having less than by weight of constituents and having 3% to 25% by weight of ethanol, supplying the liquid feed to a feed stream inlet of a reverse osmosis separation system having a first pass, wherein (i) each pass has an reverse osmosis membrane filtration unit, each membrane filtration unit having an ethanol rejection percentage of between 50% to 99%, and (ii) each pass has the feed stream inlet for a feed stream, a permeate stream outlet for a permeate stream, and a retentate stream outlet for a retentate stream, operating the system to maintain pressure in one of the membrane filtration units in a range of 1,200 to 4,000 psi, and obtaining retentate that is enriched with ethanol, the retentate differs from the starting liquid by absence of the removed constituents.

A reverse osmosis prefilter system includes a recirculation chamber for accommodating one or more prefilter cartridges. The recirculation chamber is communicably interconnected to an inline water source and an RO filtration membrane. The recirculation chamber has a recirculation outlet and inlet which are communicably interconnected by an offline pump that recirculates prefiltered water repeatedly through the recirculation chamber and prefilter cartridges to remove particulates from the source water prior to delivery to the reverse osmosis filter membrane.

The present invention relates to a system for jointly producing erythritol and liquid sorbitol by using a corn starch, including a liquefaction tank, a saccharification tank, a filter and a nanofiltration assembly. The liquefaction tank is used to perform liquefaction for the corn starch, the saccharification tank is used to perform saccharification for the liquefied material, the filter is used to filter out impurities in the saccharified material to obtain a glucose liquid, and the nanofiltration assembly is used to perform nanofiltration for the filtered glucose liquid to respectively obtain a dialysate and a concentrate. The system further includes a fermentation and crystallization assembly for performing fermentation and crystallization for the dialysate to prepare crystalline erythritol, and a hydrogenation and evaporation assembly for performing hydrogenation and evaporation for the concentrate to prepare liquid sorbitol. The present invention further provides a method of jointly producing erythritol and liquid sorbitol by using a corn starch. The present invention not only improves the purity of erythritol but also obtains liquid sorbitol, thus improving the utilization value of the corn starch.

The present invention refers to a filtering device for filtering a fluid containing dissolved solutions and optionally colloidal substances, including solvents and solutes, comprising a first filter unit (12) serving to remove substances in a first filtering step by way of a membrane filtration, said removed substances having a molecular weight above a defined limit value, a second filter unit (19), disposed downstream of the first filter unit (12), for the treatment of the permeate of the first filter unit (12), wherein the second filter unit (19) comprises a filter bed comprising at least one filter material of the group comprising graphene, modified graphene, graphite, activated carbon and a zeolite compound, and a third filter unit (20), disposed downstream of the second filter unit (19), for the treatment of the permeate of the second filter unit (19), wherein the third filter unit (20) comprises a porous membrane, through which the liquid to be filtered flows in a cross-flow. The present invention provides a device with the possibility of filtration with high working pressure, avoiding possible clogging inside the adsorbing material and easy regeneration and reactivation of the adsorbing material.

The present invention refers to a filtering device for filtering a fluid containing dissolved solutions and optionally colloidal substances, including solvents and solutes, comprising a first filter unit (12) serving to remove substances in a first filtering step by way of a membrane filtration, said removed substances having a molecular weight above a defined limit value, a second filter unit (19), disposed downstream of the first filter unit (12), for the treatment of the permeate of the first filter unit (12), wherein the second filter unit (19) comprises a filter bed comprising at least one filter material of the group comprising graphene, modified graphene, graphite, activated carbon and a zeolite compound, and a third filter unit (20), disposed downstream of the second filter unit (19), for the treatment of the permeate of the second filter unit (19), wherein the third filter unit (20) comprises a porous membrane, through which the liquid to be filtered flows in a cross-flow. The present invention provides a device with the possibility of filtration with high working pressure, avoiding possible clogging inside the adsorbing material and easy regeneration and reactivation of the adsorbing material.

A water purification filter element is provided. The water purification filter element may include a filter bottle, a filter material, an end cover, and a water self-stopping and passing structure.

An ion-sensitive substance containing a crown ether structure composed of a repeating unit represented by formula (a): —CR.sup.1R.sup.2—CR.sup.3X—O— . . . (a) (in the formula, X is an organic group having an alkoxysilyl group at a terminal, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group), and a part or all of the alkoxysilyl groups in the crown ether structure may be hydrolyzed to form a silanol group.