The present invention relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources, such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products.

Lactic acid is obtained by a method including (A) a step of continuous fermentation wherein a fermentation culture medium of a microorganism having an ability of lactic acid fermentation is filtered through a porous membrane having an average pore size of not less than 0.01 m and less than 1 m with a transmembrane pressure difference within the range of 0.1 to 20 kPa, and the permeate is collected, while retaining the non-permeated liquid in or returning the non-permeated liquid to the culture, and adding a fermentation feedstock to the culture; (B) a step of filtering the permeate obtained in Step (A) through a nanofiltration membrane; and (C) a step of distilling the permeate obtained in Step (B) under a pressure of not less than 1 Pa and not more than atmospheric pressure, at 25 C. to 200 C. to recover lactic acid.

The invention relates to a method for producing alkyl (meth)acrylate comprising a linear or branched alkyl chain comprising 4 to 10 carbon atoms, by direct esterification of (meth)acrylic acid with a linear or branched alcohol comprising 4 to 10 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst, leading to formation of a reaction mixture comprising the desired ester, unreacted acid and alcohol, light by-products, and heavy by-products. The mixture undergoes purification treatment by separation means to obtain purified alkyl (meth)acrylate. The purification treatment comprises a step of membrane separation dehydration applied to at least one of the following: the stream subjected to the final distillation leading to the recovery of the purified (meth)acrylic ester, the aqueous stream originating from the settling out of the reaction mixture, or the stream resulting from the distillation of the light by-products present in the reaction mixture.

The present invention relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources, such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products.

An aqueous solution flows through a desalination system that separates the aqueous solution into purified water and concentrated brine. The concentrated brine is directed into an electrodialysis system that includes an anode and a cathode and at least two monovalent selective ion exchange membranes between the anode and the cathode. At least one of the monovalent selective ion exchange membranes separates at least one diluate channel from at least one concentrate channel in the electrodialysis system, and this membrane selectively allows at least one monovalent ion to pass through the membrane while blocking or inhibiting the transport therethrough of multi-valent ions. The concentrated brine flows through at least the concentrate channel while a voltage is applied to the anode and cathode; and additional aqueous solution flows through the diluate channel.

Provided herein is a process for separating alkane isomers from a hydrocarbon mixture in an integrated refining unit, comprising: passing the hydrocarbon mixture through a normal alkane-selective membrane in a single stage to produce a normal alkane-enriched stream and a membrane reject stream; and feeding the normal alkane-enriched stream to a steam cracker to produce olefins; wherein the hydrocarbon mixture comprises n-paraffins and at least two of isoparaffins, cycloparaffins, and aromatics.

The present disclosure provides processes and systems for dehydrating a byproduct stream in ethanol production. In one embodiment, a feed mixture is distilled with one or more distillation units to remove at least a portion of the water, and form a first byproduct stream. The first byproduct stream is contacted with a molecular sieve unit, thereby forming a product stream. The molecular sieve unit is cyclically contacted with at least a portion of the product stream to regenerate the molecular sieve unit and form one or more regenerate streams. A second byproduct stream including at least one of (1) the regenerate streams and (2) at least a portion of the fusel oil stream is contacted with a separation system, thereby forming a permeate and a retentate. At least a portion of the retentate is forwarded into the product stream.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to systems, apparatus, and methods for using graphene oxide-containing membranes for separation and concentration processes. In some embodiments, a fluid component having a first concentration in a fluid mixture can be concentrated using a first distillation process to a second concentration. In some embodiments, the fluid component can be concentrated from the second concentration to a third concentration using a graphene oxide-containing membrane. In some embodiments, the fluid component can be concentrated from the third concentration to a fourth concentration using a second distillation process. In some embodiments, the fluid component can have an azeotropic concentration between the second concentration and the third concentration.

A cleaning solution filter comprises a container body, at least one filter film and a delivering pipeline. One side of the container body is connected to a bottom of a cleaning tank for receiving a cleaning solution of the liner coater via a first pipeline. The at least one filter film is disposed in the container body, for filtering photoresists and photoresist additives in the cleaning solution. The delivering pipeline is for delivering the cleaning solution after filtering to the cleaning tank. The embodiments herein can filter the cleaning solution in the linear coater, extend the service life of the cleaning solution, and promote the coating effect.

Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for controllably removing one or more solutes from a solution. Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for removing water from alcoholic beverages.