The hybrid desalination system is a desalination system for seawater which uses both filtering and treatment from a reverse osmosis filter system as well as evaporative distillation for the production of potable water. The hybrid desalination system includes a recovery system, which may be a reverse osmosis system, a forward osmosis system, or a combination thereof, for at least partially desalinating a volume of saltwater and outputting a treated fluid. A boiler is in fluid communication with the recovery system for receiving the treated fluid and producing pure water by evaporative desalination. The boiler includes an internal heating coil for passing a heated working fluid therethrough. A collection tank is in communication with to the boiler for receiving the pure water. At least one solar parabolic trough is in fluid communication with the internal heating coil of the boiler for heating the heated working fluid.

The hybrid desalination system is a desalination system for seawater which uses both filtering and treatment from a reverse osmosis filter system as well as evaporative distillation for the production of potable water. The hybrid desalination system includes a recovery system, which may be a reverse osmosis system, a forward osmosis system, or a combination thereof, for at least partially desalinating a volume of saltwater and outputting a treated fluid. A boiler is in fluid communication with the recovery system for receiving the treated fluid and producing pure water by evaporative desalination. The boiler includes an internal heating coil for passing a heated working fluid therethrough. A collection tank is in communication with to the boiler for receiving the pure water. At least one solar parabolic trough is in fluid communication with the internal heating coil of the boiler for heating the heated working fluid.

Techniques for treating a natural gas feed stream include receiving a natural gas feed stream that includes one or more acid gases, one or more hydrocarbon fluids, and one or more non-hydrocarbon fluids; circulating the natural gas feed stream to a membrane module; separating, with the membrane module, at least a portion of the one or more acid gases into a permeate stream and at least a portion of the one or more hydrocarbon fluids into a reject stream; circulating the permeate stream to a distillation unit; and separating, in the distillation unit, the one or more acid gases from the one or more non-hydrocarbon fluids.

Techniques for treating a natural gas feed stream include receiving a natural gas feed stream that includes one or more acid gases, one or more hydrocarbon fluids, and one or more non-hydrocarbon fluids; circulating the natural gas feed stream to a membrane module; separating, with the membrane module, at least a portion of the one or more acid gases into a permeate stream and at least a portion of the one or more hydrocarbon fluids into a reject stream; circulating the permeate stream to a distillation unit; and separating, in the distillation unit, the one or more acid gases from the one or more non-hydrocarbon fluids.

A salt ion membrane may be paired with an absorption device to provide advantaged separation processes comprising: introducing a first aqueous salt stream and a mixed feed stream comprising at least one olefin and at least one paraffin to a salt ion membrane under conditions effective to form at least two phases; obtaining an olefin-rich permeate stream and an olefin-lean retentate stream from the salt ion membrane, in which the olefin-rich permeate stream and/or the olefin-lean retentate stream further comprises a salt ion membrane aqueous salt phase; introducing at least a portion of the olefin-lean retentate stream and a second aqueous salt stream to an absorption device under conditions effective to promote olefin extraction; obtaining an olefin-rich aqueous salt stream from the absorption device; and providing at least a portion of the olefin-rich aqueous salt stream as at least a portion of the first aqueous salt stream.

Disclosed herein are composite membranes comprising an omniphobic substrate having a reentrant structure. The omniphobic substrate comprises a plurality of pores, the plurality of pores forming the reentrant structure. The omniphobic substrate further comprises a surface, the surface being coated with a dual functional layer that is hydrophilic in air and oleophobic under water, such that the composite membrane has a top portion and a bottom portion, the top portion comprising the coated surface of the omniphobic substrate, such that the top portion of the composite membrane is hydrophilic in air and oleophobic under water and the bottom portion of the composite membrane is omniphobic. The composite membrane can be antiwetting and/or antifouling in the presence of a hydrophobic contaminant, an amphiphilic contaminant, or a combination thereof. The composite membranes can be used for membrane distillation of a contaminated brine solution.

The method of recycling brine from a multi-stage flash desalination plant recycles the high-salinity, high-temperature brine output from a multi-stage flash desalination plant to produce diluted brine suitable for reinjection back into the multi-stage flash desalination plant as a makeup stream. The high-salinity, high-temperature brine output from the multi-stage flash desalination plant is diluted with water extracted from treated wastewater effluent output from a wastewater treatment plant, thus providing further recycling of the treated wastewater effluent. Following osmotic transfer of the diluting water from the treated wastewater effluent to produce the diluted brine, the remaining concentrated treated wastewater effluent passes through a secondary filtration system to yield a solid product and a volume of permeate water. The volume of permeate water may be further mixed with the diluted brine.

The method of recycling brine from a multi-stage flash desalination plant recycles the high-salinity, high-temperature brine output from a multi-stage flash desalination plant to produce diluted brine suitable for reinjection back into the multi-stage flash desalination plant as a makeup stream. The high-salinity, high-temperature brine output from the multi-stage flash desalination plant is diluted with water extracted from treated wastewater effluent output from a wastewater treatment plant, thus providing further recycling of the treated wastewater effluent. Following osmotic transfer of the diluting water from the treated wastewater effluent to produce the diluted brine, the remaining concentrated treated wastewater effluent passes through a secondary filtration system to yield a solid product and a volume of permeate water. The volume of permeate water may be further mixed with the diluted brine.

Embodiments described herein relate to methods and systems for dewatering alcoholic solutions via forward osmosis.

Provided are water treatment systems and methods of treating water that include separating dissolved salts from a feed stream using an organic solvent brine stream. For example, described are water treatment systems comprising: an electrodialysis device comprising an inlet feed stream, an inlet brine stream, an outlet product stream, and an outlet brine stream; and a precipitation tank comprising an inlet stream and an outlet stream, wherein the inlet stream of the precipitation tank comprises the outlet brine stream of the electrodialysis device, and the inlet brine stream of the electrodialysis device comprises the outlet stream of the precipitation tank, and wherein inlet brine stream and outlet brine stream comprises an organic solvent.