A new method for producing D-allulose crystals that allows for a continuous production process and ensures a high yield. Also, new D-allulose crystals. Further, the use of a nanofiltration unit in a method for producing D-allulose crystals to improve the yield and/or quality of the resulting crystals.

A new method for producing D-allulose crystals that allows for a continuous production process and ensures a high yield. Also, new D-allulose crystals. Further, the use of a nanofiltration unit in a method for producing D-allulose crystals to improve the yield and/or quality of the resulting crystals.

Discussed is a method of extracting high-concentration plasma from whole blood, the method including: collecting whole blood in a first syringe; connecting a centrifugation tube to the first syringe and centrifuging the whole blood; separating the centrifugation tube containing red blood cells collected therein; discharging buffy coat from the first syringe; connecting the first syringe and a second syringe to a pair of inlets of a membrane filter; applying pressure to the first syringe to introduce the plasma into the membrane filter, and introducing the plasma from the second syringe into the membrane filter; repeating said applying and introducing steps; and collecting a high-concentration plasma containing components that are larger than a predetermined particle diameter and remain in a cavity portion of a membrane of the membrane filter without passing through the membrane.

A filtration system suitable for recovering base stock from used lubricating oil and other applications pass feedstock over nano-filtration membranes assembled as a stack of membranes all experiencing parallel flow. On exiting a first stack of membranes the feedstock passes through an opening in a pressure-sustaining separator plate to flow in the reverse direction past a second stack of membranes and subsequently establish a serpentine flow of feedstock through multiple stacks of membranes. The stacks of membranes all share a common pressure containment vessel. Pressure boosters installed in the flow-through openings of separator plates separating consecutive stacks can serve to restore lost pressure of the feedstock and maintain effective permeation of permeate through the membranes. A pressure control valve at the outlet to the permeate-receiving cavities of a stack can be used to adjust the trans-membrane pressure.

A filtration system suitable for recovering base stock from used lubricating oil and other applications pass feedstock over nano-filtration membranes assembled as a stack of membranes all experiencing parallel flow. On exiting a first stack of membranes the feedstock passes through an opening in a pressure-sustaining separator plate to flow in the reverse direction past a second stack of membranes and subsequently establish a serpentine flow of feedstock through multiple stacks of membranes. The stacks of membranes all share a common pressure containment vessel. Pressure boosters installed in the flow-through openings of separator plates separating consecutive stacks can serve to restore lost pressure of the feedstock and maintain effective permeation of permeate through the membranes. A pressure control valve at the outlet to the permeate-receiving cavities of a stack can be used to adjust the trans-membrane pressure.

Disclosed are a device and method of extracting high-concentration plasma from whole blood. The device comprises: a first syringe; a centrifugation tube that is connected to the first syringe in order to centrifuge whole blood received in the first syringe; a cap that is connected to the first syringe in order to re-centrifuge plasma collected in the first syringe by centrifugation of the whole blood; and a membrane filter comprising: a body that is cylindrical in shape and has a pair of spaced inlets to which the first syringe and a second syringe are to be respectively connected; a hollow membrane included in the body; and a first space formed between the body and the membrane and serving to collect components that passed through the membrane. According to the invention, high-concentration plasma containing a high concentration platelet is obtained without having to use a kit.

A method of producing a sugar liquid derived from a cellulose-containing biomass includes (a) saccharifying a pretreated product having alignin content of not more than 8.5% obtained by pretreatment of a cellulose-containing biomass, to obtain a saccharified liquid; (b) filtering the saccharified liquid obtained in Step (a) through a microfiltration membrane to allow formation of a cake on a membrane surface in a feed side while obtaining a sugar liquid from a permeate side; and (c) collecting the cake formed on the membrane surface in Step (b) by peeling from the membrane.

A method of producing a sugar liquid derived from a cellulose-containing biomass includes (a) saccharifying a pretreated product having alignin content of not more than 8.5% obtained by pretreatment of a cellulose-containing biomass, to obtain a saccharified liquid; (b) filtering the saccharified liquid obtained in Step (a) through a microfiltration membrane to allow formation of a cake on a membrane surface in a feed side while obtaining a sugar liquid from a permeate side; and (c) collecting the cake formed on the membrane surface in Step (b) by peeling from the membrane.

The underwater process comprises the following steps, carried out underwater, at the bottom of a body of water: providing a base fluid (38) comprising at least a viscosifying compound, obtaining a concentrated viscosifying solution (34) from the base fluid (38), providing a processed water of controlled salinity (36), diluting the concentrated viscosifying solution (34) with the processed water of controlled salinity (36) to form the viscosified water (32).

In one embodiment, a dilute wastewater treatment system includes a separation subsystem configured to receive dilute wastewater and separate it into a product stream containing a low concentration of organic material and a reject stream containing a high concentration of organic material, and a conversion subsystem configured to receive the reject stream from the separation subsystem and anaerobically treat the reject stream to break down the organic material and separate it from water within the reject stream.