A flow path spacer (13) of the present disclosure includes a plurality of first linear portions (21) and a plurality of second linear portions (22). There are a first pair (P1), a second pair (P2), and a third pair (P3), the first pair (P1) is at least one selected from a pair of the first linear portions (21) adjacent to each other and disposed at a first interval (W1) and a pair of the second linear portions (22) adjacent to each other and disposed at a first interval (W1), the second pair (P2) is at least one selected from a pair of the first linear portions (21) adjacent to each other and disposed at a second interval (W2) narrower than the first interval (W1) and a pair of the second linear portions (22) adjacent to each other and disposed at a second interval (W2) narrower than the first interval (W1), and the third pair (P3) is at least one selected from a pair of the first linear portions (21) adjacent to each other and disposed at a third interval (W3) narrower than the second interval (W2) and a pair of the second linear portions (22) adjacent to each other and disposed at a third interval (W3) narrower than the second interval (W2).

A spacer (13) of the present disclosure includes a plurality of first linear portions (21) and a plurality of second linear portions (22). The plurality of first linear portions (21) and the plurality of second linear portions (22) intersect each other to form a first opening portion (31) and a second opening portion (32) each having a diagonal line (31a or 32a) parallel to a predetermined direction, an opening area of the second opening portion (32) is smaller than an opening area of the first opening portion (31), and the difference between the length of the diagonal line (31a) of the first opening portion (31) and the length of the diagonal line (32a) of the second opening portion (32) is in the range of 10 to 35% of the length of the diagonal line (31a) of the first opening portion (31).

Provided are an inexpensive, high-quality, permeation-side flow path material that is suitable for use in spiral membrane elements and enables the improvement of productivity, a method for producing such a permeation-side flow path material, and a membrane element having such a permeation-side flow path material. Provided are (a) a permeation-side flow path material for use in a spiral membrane element, the permeation-side flow path material comprising a resin sheet comprising a plurality of ridge portions 31 formed parallel to one another; and a plurality of openings 32 formed between each pair of the ridge portions 31, (b) a method for producing such a permeation-side flow path material, and (c) a membrane element having such a permeation-side flow path material.

A spiral wound membrane module is suitable for use with high temperature water that may also have a high pH, for example steam injection produced water. The module uses a membrane with a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) backing material. The feed spacer of the module may be made from polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) or ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE). The permeate carrier may be made of a woven nylon (i.e. nylon 6, 6) fabric coated with high temperature epoxy. The core tube and anti-telescoping device may be made of polysulfone. In some examples, the module may be used at a temperature of up to 130 C. Optionally, the module may be used at a pH of 9.5 or more. In a filtration method, the module may be operated at a pressure in the range of 150 to 450 psi. The module may be operated at a generally constant pressure.

A device and a method for detecting deposits in a membrane module which produces a permeate and which comprises at least one permeable or semipermeable membrane layer. At least one polymer optical fiber for detecting deposits on the membrane layer is integrated in the membrane module such that the polymer optical fiber is in contact with at least one membrane layer. A method of detecting deposits in a membrane module producing a permeate and to a membrane module for producing a permeate from a feed stream of a fluid, in particular an aqueous solution, with the membrane module comprising a plurality of adjacently disposed or stacked sheets of a permeable or semipermeable membrane layer and with at least one polymer optical fiber being embedded or integrated in the membrane module, which polymer optical fiber is in contact with at least one sheet of the membrane layer.

Embodiments of the present invention provide elements that are beneficial for use in fluid filtration. Embodiments provide elements that have variable feed spacer height, variable permeate spacer height, or both. The variable height allows flow properties to be matched to fluid volume as the filtration occurs.

Provided is a water treatment flow channel member in which the occurrence of fouling is suppressed. A water treatment flow channel member 1 of the present invention is formed from a molded product containing a synthetic resin and a nanocarbon material.

Embodiments described herein are directed to methods of manufacturing a multi-leaf membrane module for filtering product fluid flow (e.g., food products or wastewater) and such multi-leaf membrane modules. In an embodiment, a multi-leaf membrane module is disclosed. The multi-leaf membrane module includes a permeate fluid flow tube defining a permeate fluid flow channel for permeate, and a membrane sheet spirally wound about the permeate fluid flow tube. The membrane sheet includes two or more leaves. Each of the two or more leaves includes a feed spacer including at least one opening formed therein that at least partially defines a feed channel for product fluid flow therethrough and a permeate structure defining a permeate fluid flow channel. The permeate structure of each of the two or more leaves includes at least one membrane and at least one porous permeate spacer.

A hollow fiber membrane module includes: a tubular case; a hollow fiber membrane bundle; and a pair of sealing and fixing portions, in which an outside-membrane channel that passes by an outer wall of each of the hollow fiber membranes and an inside-membrane channel that passes through the hollow inside of each of the hollow fiber membranes are formed, moist air flows through the outside-membrane channel, and dry air flows through the inside-membrane channel, whereby moisture in the moist air is supplied to the dry air by a membrane separation effect of the hollow fiber membranes, wherein a plurality of spaces are disposed between the case inner wall and the hollow fiber membrane bundle, and a restriction portion that restricts the hollow fiber membrane from entering into the spaces is partially disposed between the hollow fiber membrane bundle and each of the spaces.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable membrane module for removing hazardous components without the risk of a feed-source fluid and a concentrated fluid intermixing inside a hollow tube. The spiral wound separation membrane module is characterized in that: a spiral wound separation membrane element accommodated in a cylindrical container, the spiral wound separation membrane element having a structure in which a laminated body having a separation membrane, a feed-side spacer and a permeation-side spacer is wound around a porous hollow tube in a spiral shape, the feed-side spacer is positioned on a feed side of the separation membrane, the permeation-side spacer is positioned on a permeation side of the separation membrane, and a feed-side flow path and a permeation-side flow path are sealed so as not to communicate directly with each other.