Disclosed is a two-component, liquid curable polyurethane adhesive system comprising an isocyanate reactive part A and an isocyanate functional part B. Either or both parts include substantial amounts of sustainable materials. The inventive mixed adhesive compositions are able to effectively bond to a separation membrane of a filtration apparatus. The invention is also directed to a method of bonding filter assembly components using this two-component curable polyurethane adhesive composition and a filter assembly bonded together using this adhesive composition.

The present utility model discloses a water purifier filter cartridge of simple structure, comprising a filter cartridge cylinder, wherein a central tube coaxial with the filter cartridge cylinder is disposed in the filter cartridge cylinder; a first cavity is formed in the central tube; a filter cartridge body is disposed outside the central tube; the filter cartridge body comprises an RO membrane and a pre-filtering membrane; the RO membrane is wound around the central tube; several water holes communicating the first cavity with the RO membrane are formed in the side wall of the central tube; the pre-filtering membrane is wound outside the RO membrane; a second cavity is formed between the pre-filtering membrane and the filter cartridge cylinder; a first water gap, a second water gap and a third water gap are formed in the top of the filter cartridge cylinder; the first water gap communicates with the first cavity; and the second water gap communicates with the second cavity. According to the water purifier filter cartridge of simple structure of the present utility model, the filter cartridge structure is simplified, the cost is lowered, connection of a water path of the filter cartridge in a water purifier is more convenient, mounting errors and omissions are reduced, the assembling efficiency is improved, and the structure of the water purifier filter cartridge is further improved.

The present disclosure is directed to ion-exchange systems and devices that can monitor key parameters related to the performance of the ion-exchange device. Specifically, the ion-exchange systems and devices disclosed herein can provide real time voltage drop across groups of membrane pairs using diagnostic spacer borders between the pairs. In addition, the ion-exchange systems and devices disclosed herein can monitor the compression force applied by the compression plates holding the ion-exchange systems and devices together.

The disclosure relates to enhancing alkalinity of brine, e.g. seawater, using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED) without removing divalent cations that otherwise cause scaling. In one embodiment, a BPMED is employed wherein the brine volumetric flow rate through a basification compartment is greater at a given current density than that through a brine compartment which increases the pH of the brine output while keeping it below the precipitation pH. In one embodiment, the spacer located in the basification compartment is thicker than spacers elsewhere in the BPMED so as resist membrane distortion due to the increased hydrostatic pressure in the basification compartment given the greater volumetric flow. The brine output having increased alkalinity can be returned to the ocean to mitigate acidification and enable capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Disclosed herein methods for combating biofouling in a liquid, e.g. an aqueous medium by providing a surface coated with at least one laser-induced graphene (LIG) layer in said liquid medium. Particularly disclosed herein method and devices for treating water comprising passing a water stream through a membrane module equipped with at least one spacer coated with at least one layer of LIG, and optionally by applying an electric potential to the at least one LIG layer to achieve a bactericidal effect in the water stream. Specifically, disclosed herein a polymeric mesh suitable for use as a spacer in a membrane module in water treatment application, said mesh being at least partially coated with LIG.

The present invention provides a filter element (500) having a radial permeate discharge path (550). The filter element generally includes a closed membrane structure (510) wrapped about a core (530) in reciprocating clockwise and counterclockwise directions, forming semicircular folds of membrane about the core. The semicircular folds of membrane have opposingly situated apical ends (560) separated by a gap. The interior of the closed membrane structure (510) defines a feed channel and the exterior of the closed membrane structure defines at least one permeate channel (522). A radial permeate discharge path (550) extends through the gap between the apical ends of the semicircular folds of membrane. Systems containing, and methods of using, filter elements including radial permeate discharge paths are also provided.

In at least one embodiment, a membrane filtration element is provided. The element may include at least one feed spacer including a first set of parallel strands extending in a first direction and including a plurality of first strands having a first thickness and a plurality of second strands having a second thickness that is smaller than the first thickness. A second set of parallel strands may extend in a second direction that is transverse to the first direction. The second set of parallel strands may include a plurality of third strands having a third thickness and a plurality of fourth strands having a fourth thickness that is smaller than the third thickness. In one embodiment, the first and second sets of strands include alternating thick and thin strands, which reduce pressure drop in membrane filtration systems.

Disclosed herein are spacers having baffle designs and perforations for efficiently and effectively separating one or more membrane layers a membrane filtration system. The spacer includes a body formed at least in part by baffles that are interconnected, and the baffles define boundaries of openings or apertures through a thickness direction of the body of the spacer. Alternatively or additionally, passages or perforations may be present in the spacer layer or baffles for fluid flow there through, with the passages and baffles having a numerous different shapes and sizes.

A spiral wound membrane module adapted for hyperfiltration and including at least one membrane envelope and feed spacer sheet wound about a central permeate tube to form an inlet and outlet scroll face and an outer periphery, wherein the feed spacer sheet includes: i) a feed entrance section extending along the permeate collection tube from the inlet scroll face toward the outlet scroll face, ii) a feed exit section extending along the outer periphery from the outlet scroll face toward the inlet scroll face, and iii) a central feed section located between the feed entrance section and the feed exit section; and wherein the feed entrance section has a median resistance to flow in a direction parallel to the permeate collection tube that is less than 25% of the median resistance to flow of the central feed section in a direction perpendicular to the permeate collection tube.

A disposable cell enrichment kit includes a crossflow filtration device configured to be disposed along a main loop pathway and to receive a process volume containing a biological sample and utilize crossflow filtration, via a micro-porous membrane, to retain a specific cell population in a retentate from the process volume and to remove a permeate including certain biological components from the process volume. The crossflow filtration device includes a laminated filtration unit that includes the micro-porous membrane, a first mating portion, a second mating portion, and a membrane support. The membrane support includes a first plurality of structural features that define a first plurality of openings, wherein the first plurality of structural features are coupled to the micro-porous membrane and provide support to the micro-porous membrane, and the first plurality of openings allow the permeate to flow through them after crossing the micro-porous membrane.