A novel embodiment of a Filtration Unit with cleanable permeate side, formed by an internally channeled flat filter plate (1) formed by bonding of two flat half filter plates (2, 3), the filter effect formed by perforation slits or holes (10) in the surface of the plates, said perforations connecting to channels (9) inside the plate. The channels inside the plates are for permeate leading to two or more paired exits (4, 5) perpendicular to the plate, the plate exits forming exit channels for permeate to exit the Filtration Unit. The paired exits makes it possible to clean the permeate site of the Filtration Unit by flushing cleaning media from one exit (4 or 5) to the other exit (4 or 5). The filter area surface (6) can be covered by bonding a fine filter (7), typically an organic flat sheet membrane, to the filter surface, whereby very fine micro or ultra filtration or even molecular filtration can be achieved.

The present invention provides a separation membrane and a separation membrane element capable of exhibiting a good water production performance even at a high temperature and also excellent handleability and quality. The separation membrane of the present invention includes a separation membrane main body having a feed-side face and a permeate-side face; and a permeate-side channel member fixed onto the permeate-side face of the separation membrane main body, and the permeate-side channel member includes polypropylene as a main component and satisfies the following requirements (a) to (c): (a) a softening point temperature is 60 C. or higher; (b) a tensile elongation in a standard state is 10% or more; and (c) a yield point stress under a wet condition at 50 C. is 2 MPa or more.

The present invention relates to a spiral wound membrane element designs that utilize entrance and exit points in the feed space channel and utilize barriers on the perimeter of the feed space as well as barriers in the feed space area to direct fluid flow in the membrane element.

The present invention is intended to provide a spiral membrane element, a permeation spacer, and a membrane separation method. A spiral membrane element includes a central tube and a membrane leaf. The membrane leaf has a separation membrane and a permeation spacer. The permeation spacer has a plurality of grooves and a plurality of projections on one surface thereof. The grooves and the projections each extend in a first direction and are arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction on the surface. When the groove has a width defined as W1 and the projection has a width defined as W2 in the second direction and the projection has a height defined as H, 9.11000{(W1/W2)/H}<18.2 is satisfied, where W1, W2, and H are in unit of m.

A filtration element has one or more rigid inserts in a housing. The inserts are covered with membranes. The element is configured to provide open feed channels beside the inserts. The membranes and inserts are potted at an edge, optionally at only part of an edge such as a corner. Permeate flows between the membrane and the insert to the potted edge. The membranes may be potted in a centrifuge.

The present invention relates to a spiral-wound filter module exhibiting almost no heavy metal leaching and a manufacturing method thereof, and specifically, to a spiral-wound filter module, which can be used as a filter for producing safe drinking water by substantially reducing the amount of a heavy metal leached when immersed in water, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Embodiments of the present invention provide the integration of arbitrary flow directing patterns, deposited or integrated on or into the porous permeate spacer in a spiral-wound membrane separation element.

Hot melt printed spacer membrane elements offer the unique advantage of applying any pattern on the membrane surface to act as the feed spacer material. This technique also eliminates damage to the active surface of the membrane by avoiding photo curing, either UV, light or other wavelengths of energy. By printing narrow features, the bending moment at the membrane surface imparted by the printed feature will be less than the bending moment imparted by a wider printed feature, thereby minimizing damage to the sensitive membrane coating.

A separation membrane element includes: a container; and a separation membrane including a region provided in a flat membrane shape in the container. The separation membrane includes a separation functional layer that selectively separates a specific fluid component contained in a raw material fluid. The container houses a laminate that includes (i) two permeate-side spacer members through which a permeate fluid that has permeated through the separation membrane flows, (ii) the separation membrane provided between the two permeate-side spacer members, and (iii) a feed-side spacer member through which the raw material fluid flows. The separation membrane element includes a sealing part for preventing a fluid flowing through the feed-side spacer member and a fluid flowing through the two permeate-side spacer members from being mixed with each other.

Spiral wound water exchangers, power generators comprising the same, and methods of use thereof are provided. The methods include providing a first stream of air having a first humidity to a spiral wound water exchanger, providing a second stream of hydrogen having a second humidity to the spiral wound water exchanger, flowing the air and the hydrogen through the spiral wound water exchanger, wherein water is transported from the air to the hydrogen as the air and the hydrogen flow through the spiral wound water exchanger, expelling a third stream of air having a third humidity from the spiral wound water exchanger, and expelling a fourth stream of hydrogen having a fourth humidity from the spiral wound water exchanger, wherein the third humidity is less than the first humidity and the fourth humidity is greater than the second humidity.