An implantable or wearable kidney enclosure that is cylindrical, ovoid, or otherwise non-angular e.g., not rectangular or cuboid), having a circular or oval hemofilter that provides a blood flow pattern from an internal, central artery source radially outwards. Due to the efficient flow of the circular filter design, the enclosure can be made in a cylindrical low profile shape, resulting in a compact enclosure highly suitable for implantable and wearable dialysis applications.

An object of the present invention is to provide a separation membrane module in which an end member is prevented from coming out even at the occurrence of a reverse pressure or the like. The invention relates to a separation membrane module which is equipped with a cylinder-shaped housing and a tubular separation membrane and which takes out a fluid which has permeated the tubular separation membrane. An end pipe is connected to one end portion of the tubular separation membrane; the end pipe is supported by a support plate which is disposed so as to traverse the housing; and an end plug is connected to the other end portion of the tubular separation membrane. The separation membrane module is further equipped with a coming-out preventive member.

The present invention relates to a membrane humidifier for a fuel cell, which can prevent a decrease in humidification efficiency, caused by a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the membrane humidifier. The membrane humidifier for a fuel cell, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a middle case having a module insertion part formed therein; a cap case coupled to the middle case; a hollow fiber membrane module inserted in the module insertion part; and an active pressure buffer part formed between the middle case and the module insertion part to prevent expansion of the module insertion part due to a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the middle case or relieve the pressure difference according to output states of the fuel cell.

The present concentration device includes a membrane module having a first and a second flow paths that are separated by a semipermeable membrane, the module including a U-shaped tube in which the semipermeable membrane is disposed, a first flow-path-inlet and a first flow-path-outlet connection parts, and a second flow-path-inlet and a second flow-path-outlet connection parts, the device including an introducing unit for introducing a subject solution with a predetermined pressure into the first flow path from the first flow-path-inlet connection part, separating the subject solution into a concentrate and a permeate through the semipermeable membrane, passing the permeate through the second flow path, draining the concentrate from the first flow-path-outlet connection part, introducing the subject solution with a pressure lower than the predetermined pressure into the second flow path from the second flow-path-inlet connection part, and draining a diluent diluted with the permeate, from the second flow-path-outlet connection part.

A method of separating material, such as foam, sludge, oil or grease, at a fluid's surface, by applying acoustic pressure shock waves to the material and the fluid's surface such that acoustic pressure shock waves are propagated in liquid medium of the fluid and in gas medium above the fluid surface.

A method of activating and dewatering sludge through application of acoustic pressure shock waves to wastewater.

Acoustic pressure shock waves are applied to a membrane in a fluid to prevent attachment of or dislodge biological or solid matter for membrane cleaning or desalination with a membrane.

An object of the present invention is to provide a separation membrane module in which an end member is prevented from coming out even at the occurrence of a reverse pressure or the like. The invention relates to a separation membrane module which is equipped with a cylinder-shaped housing and a tubular separation membrane and which takes out a fluid which has permeated the tubular separation membrane. An end pipe is connected to one end portion of the tubular separation membrane; the end pipe is supported by a support plate which is disposed so as to traverse the housing; and an end plug is connected to the other end portion of the tubular separation membrane. The separation membrane module is further equipped with a coming-out preventive member.

A gas-permeable well for use with a bioreactor may include a reinforced gas-permeable membrane. The gas-permeable membrane may include an integrated reinforcing structure such as a stainless steel mesh or perforated screen, and may include an integrated gasket or O-ring, or other regions of increased thickness. A sensor brought into close proximity to the reinforced gas-permeable membrane may take an indirect measurement of a condition of process medium on the other side of the gas-permeable membrane, such as a measurement of dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide.

A housing (30) of a hollow-fiber membrane module (101) is so configured as to have a small-diameter part (3B) having an inner diameter smaller than an inner diameter of a flow regulation cylinder (9) facing a part of the housing (30) on which a nozzle (8) is provided, and which is arranged on a lower side than a lower end of the flow regulation cylinder (9) in an axial direction of the hollow-fiber membrane module (101); or the flow regulation cylinder (9) is so configured as to have a small-diameter part (9G) which has an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the flow regulation cylinder (9) facing the part of the housing (30) on which the nozzle (8) is provided, and which is arranged on a lower side than the existing region of the flow regulation holes (10) in the axial direction of the hollow-fiber membrane module (101).