Disclosed are a hybrid system and method of waste heat utilization-based photovoltaic power generation and seawater desalination, wherein a photovoltaic power generation unit includes a linear Fresnel lens, a beam-splitting cooling tube, a solar cell, and a heat collecting tube; a seawater supply unit includes a seawater storage tank and a pre-treatment storage tank; a heat storage and temperature control unit includes a phase-change heat reservoir and heat exchangers; an electrodialysis unit includes poles, an ion-selective membrane, a desalination chamber, a concentration chamber, pole chambers, a concentrated liquid storage tank and a desalinated liquid storage tank; and an electricity storage and control unit includes a battery pack and a circuit controller. Incident sunlight achieves photovoltaic power generation by a light condensation followed by beam splitting mode; nanoparticle doped seawater absorbs long-wavelength light and transmits short-wavelength light.

A system for processing a feed includes a membrane system configured to receive the feed and produce a concentrate and a permeate, wherein the membrane system includes an active cooling system, a passive cooling system, or a combination thereof. Further, the system includes a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the membrane system and disposed upstream of the membrane system, such that the feed enters the heat exchanger prior to entering the membrane system, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to cool the feed and heat the concentrate by transferring heat from the feed to the concentrate.

A method for purifying a liquid is described. A liquid feed is fed to a feed chamber. A carrier gas is fed through the liquid feed in the feed chamber to form a humidified carrier gas. A coolant is fed to a coolant chamber. The coolant chamber is separated from the feed chamber by a permeate gap chamber. The permeate gap chamber is separated from the feed chamber by a membrane that allows vapor to pass while blocking liquid flow across the membrane. The coolant chamber is separated from the permeate gap chamber by a thermally conductive plate. At least a portion of the vapor from the feed chamber that transported through the membrane is condensed by the coolant in the coolant chamber and the thermally conductive plate to form a first distillate. At least a portion of the humidified carrier gas is condensed to form a second distillate.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are destroyed by oxidation in supercritical conditions. PFAS in water is concentrated in a reverse osmosis step and salt from the resulting solution is removed in supercritical conditions prior to destruction of PFAS in supercritical conditions.

An induced symbiotic osmosis system and method for treating produced fluids from a hydraulic fracturing process or system for symbiotic fluids fractionation, salinity power generation, brines and salts solution reverse osmosis. The system includes a reverse osmosis membrane assembly to create potable water from produced water. The membrane assembly includes a hollow fiber or flat sheet membrane and headers to transfer desalinated water therefrom. The system can include an electro coagulation system, an ultra or nano filtration system, and a desalter to treat the produced water or brine. A heat exchanger can be positioned between adjacent reverse osmosis membrane assemblies. An osmotic power generation unit can create electrical power by receiving and utilizing produce water and brine water from a brine storage. The system reduces the release of global warming contributing gases associated with hydraulic fracturing, while producing potable water and power.

An improved, modular cooling chamber for reaction gas product collection manifolds of a gaseous electrolysis apparatus can include a helium permeable element separating helium from hydrogen and/or deuterium reactants. This system can provide a controllable thermal gradient across the helium permeable element promoting helium transport through the cooling chamber.

A subsea fluid processing system which receives a wellstream flow. The subsea fluid processing system includes a pressure control device which regulates a pressure of the wellstream flow, a gas-liquid separator unit which receives the wellstream flow downstream of the pressure control device and which provides a liquid stream and a gas stream, a first membrane separator which receives the gas stream and which provides a retentate stream and a permeate stream, a compressor which receives the permeate stream and which provides a compressed permeate stream, and a discharge cooler which receives the compressed permeate stream and which provides a cooled compressed permeate stream for injection into a subsurface reservoir. A density of the cooled compressed permeate stream is higher than a density of the compressed permeate stream.

Techniques for solar thermal water purification by recycling photovoltaic reflection losses are provided. In one aspect, a solar thermal water purification system includes: a water purification component for desalinating salt water, the water purification component having multiple stages through which the salt water passes, and condensers in each of the stages; and a photovoltaic component configured to heat the salt water prior to the salt water entering a first stage of the water purification component, wherein desalinated water evaporates and condenses in each of the stages to be collected as pure water. A system using reverse osmosis and a heat-driven water pump is also provided. Methods for water purification are also provided.

A blood processing apparatus includes an optional heat exchanger and a gas exchanger disposed within a housing. In some instances, the gas exchanger can include a screen filter spirally wound into the gas exchanger such that blood passing through the gas exchanger passes through the screen filter and is filtered by the spirally wound screen filter a plurality of times.

A hollow fiber membrane bundle configured to be used in an artificial lung and comprised of integrated hollow fiber membranes 31 has hollow portions through which a fluid passes. The hollow fiber membrane bundle is shaped as a cylinder body. In addition, the hollow fiber membrane 31 is tilted with respect to a central axis O of the cylinder body, is wound around the central axis O of the cylinder body, and satisfies the following conditions. An inner diameter d.sub.1 of the hollow fiber membrane 31 is equal to or smaller than 150 m, a tilt angle with respect to the central axis O of the cylinder body of the hollow fiber membrane 31 is equal to or smaller than 60, and a ratio D.sub.1/L of an outer diameter D.sub.1 of the cylinder body to a length L of the cylinder body is equal to or greater than 0.4.