A method of separating and recovering a cobalt salt and a nickel salt includes a separation step of separating, by using a nanofiltration membrane, a cobalt salt and a nickel salt from a rare metal-containing aqueous solution containing at least both the cobalt salt and the nickel salt as rare metals, in which the nanofiltration membrane has a glucose permeability of 3 times or more a sucrose permeability, the sucrose permeability of 10% or less, and an isopropyl alcohol permeability of 50% or more when a 1,000 mg/L glucose aqueous solution, a 1,000 mg/L sucrose aqueous solution, and a 1,000 mg/L isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution, each having a pH of 6.5 and a temperature of 25° C., individually permeate through the nanofiltration membrane at an operating pressure of 0.5 MPa.

A method and system of removing environmental contaminants from water comprising adding a fatty chemical to form a mixture with the water in which the fatty chemical and the environmental contaminants complex to form molecular complexes. The mixture is then filtered to remove the molecular complexes from the water.

The present teaching relates to method, system, medium, and implementations for storage management. A hash table is constructed, having an index file having one or more slots, each of which includes one or more buckets. Each bucket stores one or more types of records, including a direct record, an indirect record, and a forwarding record. A direct record stores data directly in a bucket of a slot of the index file. When a storage request is received related to some relevant data, the request is handled based on the constructed hash table.

Methods and systems for recovering sulfur dioxide from a Claus unit process emissions stream are provided. The method comprises the steps of generating a process emissions stream from a thermal oxidizer or other combustion device, introducing the emissions stream to an SO.sub.2 removal system, introducing the SO.sub.2 rich stream from the SO.sub.2 removal system to a CO.sub.2 removal system, and introducing an enriched SO.sub.2 stream back to the Claus unit. The SO.sub.2 removal system can include one or more SO.sub.2 selective membranes. The CO.sub.2 removal system can include one or more CO.sub.2 selective membranes.

Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for controllably removing one or more solutes from a solution. Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for removing water from alcoholic beverages.

A chemical liquid purification apparatus includes a tank body, a return tube, a liquid sending pump, a filtration device and a piping. The tank body has a liquid passage port and a circulation port communicated to a storage space inside the tank body. The return tube has one end connected to the circulation port and another end extending to the storage space. The liquid sending pump and the filtration device are located outside the tank body in between the liquid passage port and the circulation port. The piping is connecting the liquid sending pump and the filtration device to the liquid passage port and the circulation port.

A water treatment system 100 includes: a filtration device 16 that includes an RO membrane element 12 and an NF membrane element 14, and treats raw water containing sodium chloride by the RO membrane element 12 and the NF membrane element 14 to generate concentrated raw water; and an electrolytic device 18 that is disposed downstream of the filtration device 16 and electrolyzes the concentrated raw water to generate water containing sodium hypochlorite.

A method of concentrating lithium containing solutions includes inputting a feed brine solution to an initial separation stage, the feed brine solution including lithium sulfate and one or more of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and sodium chloride dissolved in water. In the initial separation stage, the feed brine solution is introduced to a pre-treatment membrane at a pressure that is less than the osmotic pressure of the feed brine solution. An initial permeate that passes through the pre-treatment membrane becomes the feed to a final separation stage, and an initial retentate that does not pass through the pre-treatment membrane includes a precipitate of at least one of the salts other than lithium sulfate. In the final separation stage, the initial permeate is introduced to a nanofiltration membrane at a pressure that is less than the osmotic pressure of the initial permeate. A final retentate that does not pass through the nanofiltration membrane is combined with the initial retentate to obtain a product solution having a higher concentration of dissolved lithium sulfate than the feed brine solution.

The present disclosure relates to an artificial, extracorporeal system for supporting the function of the liver of a patient suffering from liver failure, which is characterized in that it comprises a first high-flux or high cut-off hollow fiber membrane dialyzer which is perfused on the lumen side with the patient's blood and wherein a buffered aqueous solution comprising human serum albumin is passed in a continuous flow through the filtrate space of said first dialyzer, a second hollow fiber membrane dialyzer which removes water-soluble substances from the dialysate of said first dialyzer, and a third, integrated hollow fiber membrane dialyzer which is perfused with the retentate of second hemodialyzer and which allows the passage of certain amounts of albumin over the membrane wall into the filtrate space which is populated with adsorbent material. The system can be used for the treatment of acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Systems and methods for treating water may involve a first electrochemical separation module that includes at least one ion exchange membrane having a first set of performance characteristics, and a second electrochemical separation module that includes at least one ion exchange membrane having a second set of performance characteristics that is different than the first set of performance characteristics. Performance characteristics may relate to at least one of water loss, electrical resistance, and permselectivity. Staged treatment systems and methods may provide improved efficiency.