The present invention relates to a method for determining the logarithmic reduction value LRV of a size-exclusion filter for a particle of a process solution, which particle is to be clarified, the size-exclusion filter being protected from a blocking adsorbing species present in the process solution by a process adsorber which is connected upstream in series.

A process for purifying a urea-containing aqueous stream, such as the aqueous stream from the recovery section of a urea plant, comprising a step of removing biuret from the urea-containing stream by reverse osmosis in one or more reverse osmosis stages.

The present invention relates to the separation and isolation of neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) from the reaction mixture in which they are produced.

The disclosed technology includes a water filtration unit. A disclosed water filtration unit includes a filtration unit housing defining a filtration unit cavity; an inlet coupled to the filtration unit housing; a pump positioned at least partially within the filtration unit cavity and including a pump inlet and pump outlet, the pump inlet coupled to the inlet; a filter housing positioned at least partially within the filtration unit cavity and including a filter inlet and filter outlet, the filter inlet coupled to the pump outlet and filter outlet coupled to a water dispenser; and a power source in communication with the pump to power the pump to push water through the filter housing when the water filtration unit is coupled to a water source.

This specification describes membrane based filtration and softening systems and methods. A system has a microfiltration or ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membrane unit upstream of a nanofiltration or reverse osmosis (NF/RO) membrane unit, optionally with no intermediate tank. In some cases, the system and method may be used with feed water provided at municipal line pressure to the membranes. NF/RO permeate is collected in a tank and then pumped to a header. Treated water may be drawn from the header for use or recycled to the system, for example to backwash or flush one or both of the membrane units. In a combined process, NF/RO permeate flushes the feed side of the NF/RO unit and then backwashes the MF/UF unit. In another process, the MF/UF unit and NF/RO unit are filled with NF/RO permeate before being placed in a standby mode.

A system for generating electricity, heat, and desalinated water having a gas turbine system connected to a first electric generator, a waste heat recovery boiler (WHRB) system, a combined heat and power (CHP) generation system connected to a second electric generator, one or more solar powered energy systems, and a desalination system. The desalination system is connected to the CHP generation system and the WHRB system. The gas turbine system generates electricity and heat, the WHRB system is connected to and uses the exhaust of the gas turbine system to provide heat and steam power to the CHP generation system. The CHP generation system produces and provides electricity and heat to the desalination system, which produces product water, and at least one solar powered energy system provides thermal energy to one or more of the gas turbine system, the WHRB system, the CHP generation system, and the desalination system.

An apparatus and process for separating a gas mixture is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first membrane stage, a second membrane stage, and a third membrane stage. The first membrane stage includes a first gas separation membrane configured to separate the gas mixture into a first retentate stream and a first permeate stream. The second membrane stage includes a second gas separation membrane configured to separate the first permeate stream into a second retentate stream and a second permeate stream. The second retentate stream of the second membrane stage is recycled back to connect with the first retentate stream to form a mixed fluid stream. The third membrane stage includes a third gas separation membrane configured to separate the mixed fluid stream into a third retentate stream and a third permeate stream, and the third retentate stream is configured to be withdrawn as a product or discarded.

Provided are methods, devices, and kits for the isolation of extracellular vesicles using silicon nanomembranes. A method for EV isolation includes the steps of collecting a biofluid sample, contacting the biofluid sample with a pre-filtration membrane, thereby forming a first filtrate and a first retentate, optionally, washing the first retentate of the pre-filtration membrane, contacting the first filtrate from the pre-filtration membrane with a capture membrane, thereby forming a second filtrate and a second retentate, optionally, washing the second retentate, and eluting the second retentate from the capture membrane or lysing the second retentate to recover the contents.

A method for fractionating a sulfuric acid process stream having at least 1 wt % sulfuric acid, using a treatment system comprising three filtration assemblies each having membranes that are suitable to pass less than 10% salt in a standard test such that average passage of sulfuric acid from the first and third filtration assemblies is less than 30% and average passage of sulfuric acid from second filtration assembly is more than 70%. The system produces a fraction of the stream with a pH between 4 and 10, and a second fraction that contains at least 20 weight percent of sulfuric acid.

A desalination apparatus 12 (liquid treatment apparatus) includes a first water treatment unit 26 (liquid treatment unit) that includes a reverse osmosis membrane and in which a treated liquid is separated into a permeate that permeates the reverse osmosis membrane and a concentrate other than the permeate, a water recovery unit 28 (liquid recovery unit) that includes a reverse osmosis membrane and in which the concentrate is separated into a recovered liquid that permeates the reverse osmosis membrane and a waste liquid other than the recovered liquid, and a pressure increasing means that increases a liquid pressure of the concentrate, such that a state capable of separating into the recovered liquid and the waste liquid in the liquid recovery unit continues, and that directly feeds the concentrate from the liquid treatment unit to the liquid recovery unit.