Provided is a method for producing a one-liquid stabilized hypobromous acid composition which contains substantially no bromate ions, has excellent sterilization performance, exhibits almost no corrosiveness relative to metals, and displays excellent storage stability. This method for producing the stabilized hypobromous acid composition includes a step in which a reaction is induced by adding, under an inert gas atmosphere, bromine to a mixed solution including water, an alkali hydroxide, and sulfamic acid, wherein the proportion of bromine added is not more than 25 wt % relative to the total weight of the composition.

Methods of cleaning and sanitizing membrane modules within a membrane system are provided. A cleaning solution is circulated through the membrane system for about 2 to about 30 minutes. The cleaning solution includes organic acid and surfactant. A sanitizing solution is added to the cleaning solution to produce a boosted antimicrobial solution comprising an oxidizer. The boosted antimicrobial solution is then circulated through the membrane system for about 1 to about 20 minutes. The methods described are effective for reducing and removing bacterial spores and biofilms from membranes and improving membrane compatibility of effective cleaning and sanitizing solutions.

We provide methods, systems, and apparatus for treatment of high chemical oxygen demand wastewater using anaerobic treatment with ceramic membranes. We also provide post-treatment using microbial fuel cells.

The present invention relates to a process for separation of oxyresveratrol molecule from the extracted solution of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. through membrane application. The product can be obtained in excellent yield upto 81% in case of extraction using water as solvent and can be separated from the extracted mixture upto 98% using indigenously developed nanofiltration membrane. Only the desired Trans isomer is obtained and no cis isomerization takes place during the extraction process.

Provided are: a fouling inhibitor that is capable of effectively inhibiting fouling of porous filtration membranes use as water purification membranes or the like, that has resistance to chemicals, such as alkali used when the membrane is fouled, and that is capable of maintaining such effects sufficiently even after chemical wash; a filtration membrane provided with the inhibitor; and a method for producing the same. The inhibitor contains: (A) a copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 10000 to 300000 and contains a MPC unit (a1) and a BMA unit (a2), wherein the ratio of (a1) to (a2) ((a1)/(a2)) by mole is 10/90 to 70/30; and (B) PVA having a saponification degree of 72 to 93 mol % and a polymerization degree of 300 to 1000, wherein the ratio of component (A) to component (B) ((A)/(B)) by mass is 25/75 to 75/25.

A conventional media filter such as a gravity sand filter is converted into a membrane filter. The media is removed and replaced by immersed membrane modules. Transmembrane pressure is created by a static head pressure differential, without a suction pump, thereby creating a membrane gravity filter (MGF). Membrane permeate passes through a bed of adsorption media optionally located in a tank with the membrane modules. The membranes are backwashed periodically with permeate, which bypasses the adsorption media as it returns to the membrane module.

This filtration treatment system is provided with a membrane filtration device as a prefiltration treatment device for removing insoluble components from the water to be treated containing organic substance, a reverse osmosis membrane treatment device for subjecting the prefiltration-treated water to reverse osmosis membrane treatment, and a chemical agent supply pipe for supplying a chemical agent into the membrane filtration device, wherein the chemical agent contains a sulfamic acid compound, and a bromine-based oxidizing agent or the reaction product of a bromine compound with a chlorine-based oxidizing agent, or, contains the reaction product of a sulfamic acid compound with a bromine-based oxidizing agent or with the reaction product of a bromine compound with a chlorine-based oxidizing agent.

Described herein is a graphene material and polymer-based anti-microbial element that provides anti-microbial capabilities. Described is an element that can also comprise a support. Also described is an element where the support can be the article to be protected from microbial buildup. Also described are methods for preventing microbial fouling by applying the aforementioned anti-microbial elements and related devices.

The present invention relates to a water extraction system comprising a flow cell comprising a membrane; said membrane comprising an active layer comprising immobilized aquaporin water channels and a support layer, and said membrane having a feed side and a non-feed side; and an aqueous source solution in fluid communication with the feed side of the membrane.

The present invention concerns a method for cleaning a filtration system under operation. The filtration system comprising a hydraulic circuit Cp recycling the permeate stream to the feed side of the membrane and/or a hydraulic circuit Cr recycling the retentate stream to the feed side of said membrane. The method comprises injecting an amount of a chemical product into the filtration system in the hydraulic circuit Cp or in the hydraulic circuit Cr or upstream of the cross-flow filtration membrane, setting the proportion of recycled permeate stream or recycled retentate stream collected in the hydraulic circuit Cp and/or Cr to enable the recycling of a significant amount of unreacted chemical product having passed through said cross-flow filtration membrane to the feed side of said cross-flow filtration membrane, as well as a filtration system for carrying out said method.