A water treatment system is disclosed. The water treatment system comprises a filtration module comprising one or more ultrafiltration membrane configured to remove one or more non-PFAS contaminant from a PFAS contaminated water stream to provide a partially purified water stream containing soluble PFAS contaminants. The water treatment system also comprises a sorption module comprising one or more sorption units comprising a sorbent material, the sorption module being in fluid communication with the filtration module and downstream therefrom and configured to remove substantially all PFAS contaminants from the partially purified water stream to provide purified water that is substantially free from PFAS contamination.

A method for reusing wastewater by using reverse osmosis, according to the present invention, provides a method for preparing pure water through a primary reverse osmosis step, a secondary reverse osmosis step, a foam generation step, and a reverse osmosis membrane washing step. The present invention prepares pure water through several reverse osmosis steps, thereby enabling prepared pure water to be immediately used as industrial water, and washes a reverse osmosis membrane with foam, thereby improving washing efficiency and saving on maintenance costs of a wastewater reuse apparatus.

A hollow fiber membrane module includes: a hollow fiber membrane bundle; a housing formed with a port for allowing a cleaning gas for the hollow fiber membrane bundle to inflow therethrough for accommodating the hollow fiber membrane bundle; and a diffuser having a receiving surface for receiving the cleaning gas having entered through the port, the receiving surface being formed with diffusion hole for diffusing the cleaning gas to the hollow fiber membrane bundle in housing. The diffuser includes a partition dividing a space under the receiving surface into an inner space and an outer space surrounding the inner space and permitting the cleaning gas having entered through the port to flow thereinto. The diffusion hole is arranged to allow at least a part of the cleaning gas flowing in the outer space to diffuse from the inner space to the hollow fiber membrane bundle.

An immersed membranes uses aeration (air bubbles rising past the membranes) as a means to scour the membrane surface and keep it clean from solids, or foulants, allowing for continuous and effective operation. In a module of flat sheet membranes, fine bubble aeration is used to create and maintain space between the membrane sheets. The bubbles inhibit the sheets from touching and clogging together, thus reducing their surface area and their productivity. The aeration may be used for scouring, to supply oxygen to biomass and as a spacer to maintain the working surface area of immersed flat sheet membranes. The face-to-face spacing between the membrane sheets may be 4 mm or less. The bubbles may be less than twice the face-to-face spacing between the membrane sheets.

A cleaning device includes: an ozone gas supply portion; an ozone dissolution tank including a gas phase portion in which ozone gas is to be accumulated and a liquid phase portion formed by water in which the ozone gas is to be dissolved; a gas phase portion ozone gas supply pipe for supplying ozone gas from the ozone gas supply portion to the gas phase portion; a liquid phase portion ozone gas supply pipe for supplying ozone gas from the ozone gas supply portion to the liquid phase portion; and an ozone water supply pipe for supplying ozone water generated in the ozone dissolution tank to a filtering secondary side, wherein the ozone water is supplied to the filtering secondary side by the pressure of ozone gas in the gas phase portion.

A method of operating an immersed microporous membrane module includes a step of monitoring membrane performance to sense the onset of sludging in the module. Differences in permeability between permeation in backwashes, or trends in permeability during backwashing and permeability during permeation, or both, are monitored. Solid deposits formed during the onset of sludging may be removed with an in situ de-sludging process. For example, the deposits may be removed by stopping permeation while aerating the module, optionally at an increased rate. At other times, the module is optionally aerated while permeate is withdrawn at an aeration rate correlated to flux. The method may be used in particular with a membrane module having parallel textured flat sheet membranes suspended between a pair of vertically oriented headers. An aerator may be made from an open bottomed channel having an array of holes rising and concentrated towards the center of the channel.

A submerged membrane unit has air diffusers located outside of the membrane area in plan view. The diffusers may be mounted in or below a diffuser case. The diffuser case may have walls to direct bubbles towards the membranes. The diffusers may be drop diffusers, for example as in a single drop diffuser assembly. The membrane unit may have polymeric or ceramic membranes, for example ceramic flat plate membranes. In an example, a rectangular shrouded membrane unit has a diffuser case below it that is rectangular in plan view but trapezoidal in side view, with drop diffusers located in the corners of the diffuser case. In a process of treating high strength wastewater, for example thickening or digesting waste sludge, a membrane unit optionally with ceramic plate membranes is immersed in the wastewater. The membranes are sparged with bubbles produced below but beside the membrane unit in a diffuser case.

The ultrafiltration system for treatment of coal mine water includes an intermediate water pool, an ultrafiltration membrane pool, an adjustment pool, a water production pool, and a water removal pool; wherein the ultrafiltration membrane pool is connected to the intermediate water pool through a water inlet valve and a water inlet pump, connected to the water production pool through a backwashing valve and a backwashing pump, and connected to the water removal pool through a water production valve and water production pump, and the adjustment pool is connected to the ultrafiltration membrane pool; and an ultrafiltration membrane assembly and a cleaning device are disposed in the ultrafiltration membrane pool, an aeration tube is disposed in the ultrafiltration membrane pool below the ultrafiltration membrane assembly, the aeration tube is connected to a blower, and a water production channel in a ceramic membrane assembly is connected to the water production pool.

An object of the present invention is to provide a filtration apparatus capable of achieving space-saving of the entire apparatus. A filtration apparatus according to the present invention includes a plurality of filtration modules that each include a plurality of hollow fiber membranes that are arranged adjacent to each other so as to extend in an up-down direction, a washing module configured to supply air bubbles from below the plurality of filtration modules, and a frame that supports the plurality of filtration modules. The washing module includes a plurality of aeration tubes each having a plurality of aeration holes. At least a portion of the frame is a hollow tube through which a gas is supplied to the plurality of aeration tubes.

The present invention is concerned with a fibre membrane for use in a Membrane Supported Biofilm Reactor (MSBR) or the like, the fibre membrane comprising a substantially cylindrical sidewall defining an internal lumen from which gas can permeate through the sidewall, and characterised in that at least a part of an outer surface of the fibre membrane is engineered to define at least one biofilm retaining region which acts to retain a quantity of biofilm therein, in particular when the fibre membrane is subjected to a high sheer biofilm control event, such as experienced during a reactor cleaning cycle, for removing excess biofilm in order to prevent clogging of the reactor.