A low-cost and easy-to-fabricate mixed e.sup.? and CO.sub.3.sup.2? conducting membrane for advanced high-flux and selective electrochemical CO.sub.2 separation from flue gas is provided. The membrane includes a CO.sub.3.sup.2?-conducting molten carbonate phase and an e.sup.?-conducting lithiated Ni-oxide interphase that can be formed in situ during operation. The membrane exhibits a CO.sub.2 flux density greater than 0.8 mL/(minute.Math.cm.sup.2) at 850? C. with a selectivity ranging from about 100 to about 500 and excellent stability for up to about 450 hours. Further, the self-formed interphase Li.sub.0.4Ni.sub.1.6O.sub.2 is highly electron conducting and can provide electrons to the co-reduction of CO.sub.2 and O.sub.2 into CO.sub.3.sup.2?. Such a membrane is an alternative to the conventional size-sieving inorganic and dissolution-diffusion organic counterparts for CO.sub.2 capture from flue gas.

The present invention is directed to a method for treating a surface of a filled microporous membrane. The microporous membrane includes a polyolefinic matrix, inorganic filler distributed throughout the matrix, and a network of interconnecting pores throughout the membrane. The method includes sequentially (1) contacting the membrane with a first treatment composition comprising an epoxy-silane which is in intimate contact with the inorganic filler; (2) subjecting the membrane of (1) to conditions sufficient to effect a first reaction between the inorganic filler and the silane groups of the epoxy-silane compound; (3) contacting the membrane of (2) with a second treatment composition comprising polyalkylene polyamine, an amine functional polysaccharide and/or an amino silane; and (4) subjecting the membrane of (3) to conditions sufficient to effect a second reaction. Treated membranes also are provided.

Provided is a gas separation membrane containing polysaccharides and being characterized by having a crystallinity of 17% or lower, the crystallinity being represented by equation (1) below: (1) Crystallinity (%)=[I.sub.c/(I.sub.c+I.sub.a)]?100 (In equation (1), I.sub.c is the sum of the integrals of the scattering intensities of crystalline peaks obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis of the gas separation membrane, and I.sub.a is the sum of the integrals of the scattering intensities of the amorphous halo).

The present invention provides a separation membrane and a separation membrane element capable of exhibiting a good water production performance even at a high temperature and also excellent handleability and quality. The separation membrane of the present invention includes a separation membrane main body having a feed-side face and a permeate-side face; and a permeate-side channel member fixed onto the permeate-side face of the separation membrane main body, and the permeate-side channel member includes polypropylene as a main component and satisfies the following requirements (a) to (c): (a) a softening point temperature is 60? C. or higher; (b) a tensile elongation in a standard state is 10% or more; and (c) a yield point stress under a wet condition at 50? C. is 2 MPa or more.

A method for manufacturing a porous film includes: a first step of preparing droplets (D) which are formed from a first liquid into spheres with a predetermined diameter of 10 ?m or more and 2000 ?m or less and a second liquid (L2) which includes a curing agent which cures by imparting energy or a curing agent which cures due to change in pH and includes droplets dispersed therein; a second step of injecting the droplets and the second liquid into a gap between a pair of substrates (31 and 32); a third step of curing the second liquid to form an external phase, and the fourth step of removing the droplets in the external phase to form hole sections.

Disclosed are a preparation method, a product and an application of a hydrophobically modified membrane based on multi-effect thermal energy conversion, the preparation method includes the steps: S1. dispersing carbon nanotubes with surfaces carboxylated in a solvent to form a dispersion; S2. applying the dispersion evenly on a PVDF membrane, and drying to form a ready-to-use membrane; S3. performing thermo-mechanical pressure treatment of the ready-to-use membrane to form a functional membrane with strong robustness; and S4. placing the functional membrane with strong robustness in an alkane solution of PDMS containing a silane coupling agent, and then taking it out for drying.

The present invention relates to a filter and a method of making a filter. The filter includes a porous substrate and a graphene oxide membrane and can be used to filter fluids.

In a microporous layer of the present embodiment, a falling angle of an aqueous solution containing 25 wt % of ethanol is less than 30? and a strength determined by SAICAS evaluation is more than 0.068 N.

Prepare a carbon molecular sieve membrane from a polyimide (e.g., a 6FDA/BPDA-DAM polyimide) that has a glass transition temperature of at least 400? C. and includes a bridged phenyl compound for separation of hydrogen and ethylene from one another whether present as a pure mixture of hydrogen and ethylene or as components of a cracked gas. Preparation comprises two sequential steps a) and b). In step a), place a membrane fabricated from defect-free fibers of the polyimide in contact with an oxygen-containing atmosphere under conditions of time and temperature sufficient to produce a pre-oxidized and pre-carbonized polymeric membrane that is insoluble in hot (110 C) n-methylpyrolidone and at least substantially free of substructure collapse. In step b) pyrolyze the pre-oxidized and pre-carbonized membrane in the presence of a purge gas under conditions of time and temperature sufficient to yield a carbon molecular sieve membrane that has at least one of a hydrogen permeance and a hydrogen/ethylene selectivity greater than that of a carbon molecular sieve membrane prepared from the same membrane using only pyrolysis as in step b).

Disclosed are fluoropolymers with low CWST values and porous membranes made from the fluoropolymers. The fluoropolymer is made up of polymerized monomeric units of the formula A-XCH.sub.2B, wherein A is C.sub.6F.sub.13(CH.sub.2).sub.2, X is O or S, and B is vinylphenyl, and the fluoropolymer has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of at least 100 Kd and/or a glass transition temperature of at least 33? C. copolymer. The porous membranes are suitable for degassing a variety of fluids.