The present disclosure relates to semipermeable membranes which are suitable for blood purification, e.g. by hemodialysis, which have an increased ability to remove larger molecules while at the same time effectively retaining albumin. The membranes are characterized by a molecular retention onset (MWRO) of between 9.0 kD and 14.5 kD and a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of between 55 kD and 130 kD as determined by dextran sieving curves and can be prepared by industrially feasible processes excluding a treatment with salt before drying. The invention therefore also relates to a process for the production of the membranes and to their use in medical applications.

There is provided a hollow fiber membrane for vacuum membrane distillation having a maximum tensile strength of a 3.5 MPa and a liquid entry pressure (LEP) of 3.0 bar, wherein the hollow fiber membrane is a single layer hollow fiber membrane comprising a wall with a thickness of 150 m and a cross-section comprising two open cell layers with an array of interconnected pores and a macrovoid layer between the two open cell layers. The hollow fiber has improved mechanical strength and vacuum membrane distillation flux.

A method of forming a forward osmosis membrane having a porous substrate and a rejection layer is provided. The method comprises a) forming a thin film of a polymer solution on a suitable substrate, wherein the polymer solution contains at least one polymer and optionally one or more additives in a suitable solvent, b) immersing the thin film in a coagulant bath to form the porous substrate; and c) forming a rejection layer on the porous substrate. A forward osmosis membrane is also provided.

A fluid separation membrane has high compression strength in the fiber cross-section direction (direction orthogonal to the fiber axis). The fluid separation membrane is obtained by an organic polymer layer being formed on the surface of porous carbon fibers having a co-continuous porous structure. A fluid separation membrane module and porous carbon fibers having a fully co-continuous porous structure are also disclosed.

The present invention provides a carbon membrane for fluid separation with which a high-pressure fluid can be separated and purified and which has excellent pressure resistance and is less apt to be damaged. The present invention relates to a carbon membrane for fluid separation, including: a core layer which has a co-continuous porous structure; and a skin layer which has substantially no co-continuous porous structure and is formed around the core layer.

The present disclosure relates to semipermeable membranes which are suitable for blood purification, e.g. by hemodialysis, which have an increased ability to remove larger molecules while at the same time effectively retaining albumin. The membranes are characterized by a molecular retention onset (MWRO) of between 9.0 kD and 14.5 kD and a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of between 55 kD and 130 kD as determined by dextran sieving curves and can be prepared by industrially feasible processes excluding a treatment with salt before drying. The invention therefore also relates to a process for the production of the membranes and to their use in medical applications.

A membrane having a first outer surface having a plurality of pores in a skin layer and the plurality of pores having a closed perimeter in the skin layer. The membrane having a second outer surface and a porous supporting layer connecting the first outer surface to the second outer surface. The first outer surface of the membrane is a melt-fused skin layer from exposure to ultra-violet light.

An environmentally friendly wallpaper with weathering resistance and contaminating resistance includes a substrate layer and a silicone rubber layer composite and connected together. The wallpaper is prepared by a process of calendering and attaching-pressing for patterning-vulcanizating. The process is simple and the production can be constant, resulting in high efficiencies; the entire process is free of harmful substances and polluters. The prepared wallpaper is environmentally friendly and wholesome, and the wallpaper has superior properties such as weathering resistance, contaminating resistance, flame resistance, moisture resistance and mould resistance.

The invention relates to a virus filter membrane which can be used for the removal of virus particles including parvovirus. The invention further relates to a method for producing the membrane. The membrane comprises polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for composite materials, methods of making composite materials, methods of using composite materials, and the like. In particular, the present application relates to hollow fibers and to pressure-retarded osmosis systems comprising said fibers. The hollow fibers have an inside layer and an outside layer, wherein the outside layer covers an outside surface of the inside layer, wherein the inside layer forms a boundary around the lumen, wherein the inside layer includes a bi-layer structure, wherein the bi-layer structure includes a sponge-like layer and a finger-like layer, wherein the sponge-like layer is disposed closer to the lumen of the hollow fiber and the finger-like layer is disposed on the sponge-like layer on the side opposite the lumen, wherein the outside layer includes a polyamide layer.