This invention relates to a process through which intravenous fluids, blood, or artificial blood containing high-levels of mechanically-injected dissolved oxygen can be used to maintain appropriate oxygen levels in the venous blood and thereby provide short-term oxygenation support for compromised or trauma patients. In one aspect, there is provided a system and process for oxygenating a biological fluid for use in a compromised or a trauma subject in need of oxygenation support to maintain appropriate oxygen levels in the subject, the process comprising: supplying oxygen gas from an oxygen source; and dissolving an amount of the supplied oxygen into a biological fluid to obtain an oxygen enriched biological fluid.

A humidification device is provided with at least one stacked unit with water vapor-permeable membranes arranged parallel and spaced apart relative to each other. The membranes each have an edge area framed by frames. The frames are formed by a film composite of a lower film and an upper film, wherein the lower and upper films of the film composite clamp the edge area of one or more of the membranes therebetween. The lower and upper films of the film composite are fixedly connected to each other. Alternatively, the frames are formed by a thermoplastic yarn that is sewn into the edge area of one or more of the membranes, respectively, wherein the thermoplastic yarn is reshaped by heat and pressure.

According to embodiments, a substrate treatment apparatus includes a housing, a heater and a pipe. The housing stores solution containing phosphoric acid and houses a substrate including a silicon substrate. The heater heats the solution over a normal boiling point of the solution. The pipe supplies heated solution heated by the heater into the housing while generating air bubbles.

Disclosed herein is a refrigerator and a control method thereof. The refrigerator includes a purified water tank to store water, a flow sensor to detect an amount of water supplied to the purified water tank, a purified water supply valve to open/close a purified water supply flow path to guide water stored in the purified water tank to the carbonated water tank, a carbonated water discharge valve to open/close a carbonated water discharge flow path to guide the carbonated water to the outside of the refrigerator, and a controller to detect a position where water leakage occurs by sequentially opening the purified water supply valve and the carbonated water discharge valve in a water leakage mode.

A heating apparatus includes a heating element (48) which converts electrical power to heat energy, a heatable element (44) having a first surface and a second surface, and a dielectric laminate layer (46) between the heating element and the first surface of the heatable element, wherein the dielectric laminate layer (46) is thermally conductive to transfer heat energy from the heating element (48) to the heatable element (44), and wherein the second surface of the heatable element is configured heat a liquid in a container.

The present invention discloses a system for introducing a gas into a contained media such as a pond or lake. Water is removed from the media, gas introduced, and then the water removed to the contained media.

A super-fine bubble generation apparatus includes a fine-array porous membrane and a device for generating substantially uniform, super-fine gas bubbles in a liquid. The fine-array porous membrane includes a plurality of pores having a substantially uniform size of <100 μm, with a variation of <20%. The super-fine gas bubbles generated by this apparatus can have a size of 50 nm-50000 nm, with a substantially uniform distribution with variations <20%. Applications of such super-fine bubble generation apparatus can include a skin cleansing device, or a teeth-cleaning device.

When a cosmetic material is stored for several months, even in the case where hydrogen is contained in the cosmetic material at the beginning, hydrogen is gradually effervesced from the cosmetic material and after a certain time period has passed, the anti-oxidant effect cannot be maintained. Therefore, to solve this problem, a hydrogen-enriched cosmetic material container has hydrogen encapsulated in a bag formed of a hydrogen permeable sheet; then placing the hydrogen bag together with a liquid cosmetic material into a soft case formed of a flexible and hydrogen impermeable sheet, and then connecting a manually operable pump member for dispensing the liquid cosmetic material in the soft case through an opening of the soft case in an airtight manner.

A sparger assembly for a bioprocessing system includes a first layer having a plurality of pores of a first size, and a second layer disposed above the first layer and having a plurality of holes of a second size, the second size being greater than the first size. The pores of the first layer and the holes of the second layer allow for the passage of a sparge gas through the first layer and the second layer.

Disclosed is a system for mixing gases and liquids that includes a reactor vessel and an injection assembly. The reactor vessel including a liquid inlet which receives a predetermined amount of liquid and at least one gas inlet which receives a precise amount of a gas. The reactor vessel also includes means for creating cavitation or turbulence for mixing the gas and liquid to a desired gas concentration.