A fluid flow modification apparatus has a plurality of flow modification elements each having a first surface portion against which a fluid (F) can flow and a second surface portion along which the fluid (F) can flow. The elements are arranged in a number of sets. A first set of elements comprises a plurality of fluid flow modification elements with a first surface portion. A second set of elements comprises a plurality of fluid flow modification elements with a first surface portion having a surface area different from that of the first set. The first set of elements includes first and second types of fluid flow modification elements. The depth of the second surface portion is different from the depth of the second surface portion.

Disclosed is a method and apparatus for manipulating fluids. The apparatus may include a microfluidic structure including inlet channels (1 and 2) and outlet channels (306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, and 314) oriented among bifurcated (5), trifurcated (6) and merging junctions (7 and 8). The apparatus splits and merges fluids flowing in the channels to produce successive dilutions of the fluids within the outlet channels. Multiple apparatus may be combined in serial, parallel, combined serial and parallel and/or stacked configurations. One or more apparatus may be used alone or to provide various devices or chambers with the diluted fluids.

A system for creating an aerated food product, whereby a decreased electrical and thermal load may be obtained is disclosed. Furthermore, a method of producing an aerated food product comprising the steps of separately preparing a first food product portion and a second food product portion, transferring the first food product portion to a first aseptic surge tank, transferring the second food product portion to a second aseptic surge tank, mixing a combination of the first food product portion and the second food product portion to create a mixed food product, aerating the mixed food product to create the aerated food product, and dispensing the aerated food product from a filling apparatus into a container is also disclosed. An aerated food product is also disclosed.

An apparatus, system and method to reduce the contaminate concentration of effluent before discharge is provided utilizing discharge pipes, inlets and outlets. The apparatus comprises a central bore having an internal diameter suitable for a fluid flow, wherein the fluid flow moves inside the central bore through the apparatus, and at least one outlet, wherein the fluid flow exits the apparatus through the at least one outlet, a plurality of inlets for flowing additional fluid to the central bore, and wherein the inlets mix the fluid flow with the additional fluid from the plurality of inlets. The apparatus can further mix the effluent though additional mixing devices and additional devices can be used to recapture energy such as, hydroelectric power from the fluid flow. A method reduces the effluent concentration by mixing for example, by creating a helical flow in the central bore. The system using a control panel to achieve favorable mixing or fluid flow by controlling the fluid flow properties of the inlets.

A system for creating an aerated food product, whereby a decreased electrical and thermal load may be obtained is disclosed. Furthermore, a method of producing an aerated food product comprising the steps of separately preparing a first food product portion and a second food product portion, transferring the first food product portion to a first aseptic surge tank, transferring the second food product portion to a second aseptic surge tank, mixing a combination of the first food product portion and the second food product portion to create a mixed food product, aerating the mixed food product to create the aerated food product, and dispensing the aerated food product from a filling apparatus into a container is also disclosed. An aerated food product is also disclosed.

An exhaust-gas treatment arrangement for an exhaust system of an internal-combustion engine includes a diesel internal-combustion engine. The arrangement includes a first exhaust-gas treatment unit and, downstream of the first exhaust-gas treatment unit, an exhaust-gas treatment assembly. The first exhaust-gas treatment unit and the exhaust-gas treatment assembly are arranged axially succeeding one another in the direction of a longitudinal axis of a flow path encompassing the first exhaust-gas treatment unit and the exhaust-gas treatment assembly. A hydrocarbon-feeding assembly is provided for feeding hydrocarbon into exhaust gas flowing in the flow path. The hydrocarbon-feeding assembly includes a hydrocarbon-dispensing unit dispensing hydrocarbon into the flow path downstream of the first exhaust-gas treatment unit and upstream of the exhaust-gas treatment assembly. A swirl-flow-generating unit is provided in the flow path upstream of the hydrocarbon-dispensing unit.

An exhaust-gas treatment arrangement for an exhaust system of an internal-combustion engine includes a diesel internal-combustion engine. The arrangement includes a first exhaust-gas treatment unit and, downstream of the first exhaust-gas treatment unit, an exhaust-gas treatment assembly. The first exhaust-gas treatment unit and the exhaust-gas treatment assembly are arranged axially succeeding one another in the direction of a longitudinal axis of a flow path encompassing the first exhaust-gas treatment unit and the exhaust-gas treatment assembly. A hydrocarbon-feeding assembly is provided for feeding hydrocarbon into exhaust gas flowing in the flow path. The hydrocarbon-feeding assembly includes a hydrocarbon-dispensing unit dispensing hydrocarbon into the flow path downstream of the first exhaust-gas treatment unit and upstream of the exhaust-gas treatment assembly. A swirl-flow-generating unit is provided in the flow path upstream of the hydrocarbon-dispensing unit.

A mixer assembly for mixing, in a mixing tube of an exhaust aftertreatment system, a reductant with an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine may include a mixer and an electrically heated heating element. The mixer may be positioned in proximity to the reductant injector. The electrically heated heating element may be positioned in proximity to an impingement surface of the mixer. The reductant may directly impinge, after being injected, on the impingement surface causing the reductant to vaporize and mix with the exhaust gas forming a vaporized reductant and exhaust gas mixtures that flows along a flow path defined by the mixing tube. The vaporized reductant and exhaust gas mixture may be heated and further mixed by the electrically heated heating element.

A mixer assembly for mixing, in a mixing tube of an exhaust aftertreatment system, a reductant with an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine may include a mixer and an electrically heated heating element. The mixer may be positioned in proximity to the reductant injector. The electrically heated heating element may be positioned in proximity to an impingement surface of the mixer. The reductant may directly impinge, after being injected, on the impingement surface causing the reductant to vaporize and mix with the exhaust gas forming a vaporized reductant and exhaust gas mixtures that flows along a flow path defined by the mixing tube. The vaporized reductant and exhaust gas mixture may be heated and further mixed by the electrically heated heating element.

A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, comprising a box body, a mixer, a baffle and a carrier, the mixer, the baffle and the carrier being sequentially arranged inside the box body in an airflow direction inside the box body, the baffle being provided with a plurality of through holes, and the distribution density of the through holes and/or the hole area of the through holes being negatively correlated with a distribution uniformity index of NH.sub.3 at the baffle. The configuration of the distribution density and the hole area of the through holes can improve the mixing uniformity of ammonia gas, so that a reaction effect of a catalyst and a mixed gas in the carrier is enhanced. The settings of the distribution density and the hole area of the through holes can improve the mixing uniformity of an ammonia gas.