A method and system for a jet pump is provided. The jet pump system includes a pre-mixing bowl includes a nozzle, a mixing section at least partially surrounding the nozzle, and a first inlet opening configured to receive a first flow of fluid and direct the first flow of fluid to an inlet of the nozzle. The pre-mixing bowl further includes a second inlet opening configured to receive a second flow of fluid and to direct the second flow of fluid to the mixing section. The second inlet opening includes a first inlet opening area. The second inlet opening includes an entry angle into the pre-mixing bowl that is oblique with respect to the central axis. The pre-mixing bowl further includes a third inlet opening configured to receive a third flow of fluid to direct the third flow of fluid to the mixing section.

A spiral mixing chamber for dissolving a gas into a liquid, features a new and unique combination of a cap and a mixing plate. The cap may include a gas injector configured to receive gas. The mixing plate may include: a liquid inlet configured to receive liquid, a mixture outlet configured to provide a mixture of the gas and liquid from the spiral mixing chamber, and a flow path configured as a spiral geometry having a spiral that winds in a continuous and gradual curve around a central point from the liquid inlet to the mixture outlet, the flow path having flow path obstructions configured to cause disturbances in the flow which generates turbulent vortices that work to break apart bubbles in the mixture flowing through the spiral mixing chamber or device.

To generate homogenized super-micro bubbles of nano-scale in a simple structure and at a low cost, a super-micro bubble generator has a cylindrical casing provided with an opening for the introduction of a liquid at one end and an outlet for delivery of the liquid at the other end, and the cylindrical casing includes: a flow speed increasing part for increasing the flow speed of the liquid introduced from the introduction opening; a gas suction part for drawing gas from the outside into the casing, wherein the pressure is decreased by a liquid flow whose flow speed is increased in the flow speed increasing part; and a super-micro bubble-containing liquid producing part for shearing, by the liquid flow whose flow speed is increased in the flow speed increasing part, the gas that is sucked by the gas suction part and generating a liquid including super-micro bubbles, in this order, from the introduction opening to the delivery opening.

A swirler includes a swirler body and a plurality of axial swirl vanes extending radially outward from the swirler body. At least one of the swirler body or vanes includes a spring channel defined therethrough. A fuel injector for a gas turbine engine can include an inner air swirler and/or outer air swirler as described above.

An apparatus for aftertreatment of exhaust gas includes a housing configured to define an inner cavity; an exhaust inlet arranged to the housing for entering exhaust gas flow to the inner cavity; a mixer unit arranged in the inner cavity to dispense a reactant to the exhaust gas flow; a mixing device, located downstream of the mixer unit, to evenly mix the reactant to the exhaust gas flow. The mixing device includes: a toroidal cylinder to receive the exhaust gas flow from the mixer unit via a solid tubular element, wherein the solid tubular element is in a centric manner to a first base of the toroidal cylinder for guiding the exhaust gas flow led into the toroidal cylinder to swirl inside the toroidal cylinder; and an exhaust outlet arranged to a curved side of the toroidal cylinder, to exit the exhaust gas flow from the mixing device.

An exemplary embodiment includes a blending chamber having a urea inlet, a blending chamber gas inlet, and a blending chamber outlet. A urea source provides a pressurized urea solution to the urea inlet at a urea injection pressure, and a pressurized gas source transmits pressurized gas to the blending chamber gas inlet via a passageway. The passageway is configured to decrease pressure of the pressurized gas transmitted along its length from a first pressure of gas received from the pressurized gas source to a second pressure of gas provided to the blending chamber gas inlet. The first pressure of gas received from the pressurized gas source is greater than the urea injection pressure and the second pressure of gas provided to the blending chamber gas inlet is less than the urea infection pressure.

A gas delivery system and method for delivering reactants such as a first gas through a first conduit and a second gas through at least one second conduit, for example, through a plurality of second conduits. The plurality of second conduits may each have a length, wherein at least a portion of the length is entirely disposed within the first conduit. In an implementation, the first conduit may deliver carbon monoxide and the one or more second conduits may deliver carbon monoxide doped with a catalyst such as iron pentacarbonyl. The first and second gases may be introduced into a reaction vessel such as a reactor chamber and used to form carbon nanotubes.

A swirler includes a swirler body and a plurality of axial swirl vanes extending radially outward from the swirler body. At least one of the swirler body or vanes includes a spring channel defined therethrough. A fuel injector for a gas turbine engine can include an inner air swirler and/or outer air swirler as described above.

A mixing device includes a main body, a plurality of first material inlet portions and a second material inlet portion. The main body includes a blending chamber and a discharging portion which is in fluid communication with the blending chamber. The first material inlet portions are connected to the main body. The second material inlet portion is connected to the main body and spaced apart from one another. The first material inlet portions and the second material inlet portion are in fluid communication with the blending chamber, and a first inlet direction of at least one of the first material inlet portions are different from a second inlet direction of the second material inlet portion.

A production apparatus for a liquid containing gas bubbles includes a casing, a pump unit, and a gas bubble-mixing unit. The casing is provided with a main flow channel for a liquid, the main flow channel having a liquid inflow port and a liquid outflow port. The pump unit is disposed in the main flow channel and pumps the liquid to the liquid outflow port from the liquid inflow port. The gas bubble-mixing unit includes a first choke portion that is disposed in the main flow channel and has an inner diameter decreased and a gas supply channel that supplies the first choke portion with a gas.