A compact SCR device is provided for use with a diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) injection system having multiple injectors for providing diesel exhaust fluid to exhaust gas to reduce NO.sub.x emissions. The DEF injectors are disposed in the close coupled SCR mixer. A first injector injects into a chamber of the mixer with sidewardly oriented impingement plates having openings. A second injector radially spaced and offset has a different angle from the first injector for injecting DEF into the SCR mixer. A swirl plate forces the exhaust gas in the flow path to turn and exit through an outlet opening. An inlet opening for the mixer is aligned transversely near the first injector and is offset from the outlet opening. Thus, upon entering the compact SCR mixer, the exhaust gas must change direction and passes by at least one injector and impingement plates having flaps and openings before exiting the mixer.

A vehicle includes an exhaust aftertreatment system for use with an automotive internal combustion engine. The system includes a reducing agent mixer configured to deliver a reducing agent for mixing with exhaust gases produced by the engine. The reducing agent mixer includes a mixing can defining an internal space, a doser configured to inject the reducing agent toward the internal space, and a reducing agent delivery device configured to direct the reducing agent into the internal space.

A mixer for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a plate-shaped mixer body (26) with an incoming flow side (36) to be arranged oriented in the upstream direction in relation to an exhaust gas flow (H.sub.A1) and with an outflow side (38) to be arranged oriented in the downstream direction in relation to the exhaust gas flow (H.sub.A1), a first exhaust gas flow-through opening (30) in the mixer body (26), a reactant-receiving body (42) carried on the mixer body (26) in the area of the first exhaust gas flow-through opening (30), as well as a plurality of second exhaust gas flow-through openings (34) in the mixer body (26). The second exhaust gas flow-through openings (34) are arranged surrounding the first exhaust gas flow-through opening (30) in the mixer body (26).

A mixer assembly for a vehicle exhaust system includes a housing having an inlet portion and an outlet portion that are connected to each other with a channel portion. An inlet baffle is positioned at the inlet portion and an outlet baffle is positioned at the outlet portion. The inlet and outlet baffles are non-concentric. An injector housing is attached to the housing downstream of the inlet baffle and a spray guide is mounted within the injector housing. The spray guide has a spray inlet and a spray outlet that directs spray into the channel portion

A method for causing exhaust gas flow to flow at least 270 degrees in a first direction about a perforated tube using a baffle plate having a main body with a plurality of flow-through openings and a plurality of louvers positioned adjacent to the flow-through openings. The method includes deflecting a first portion of the exhaust gas flow with the main body of the baffle plate. The method also includes allowing a second portion of the exhaust gas flow to flow through the flow-through openings of the baffle plate. The method also deflects the second portion of the exhaust gas flow at a downstream side of the main body with the louvers hereby causing the second portion of the exhaust gas flow to flow in the first direction about the perforated tube.

A mixing reactor for precipitating nanoparticles by mixing a precursor fluid with a second fluid at a higher temperature than the precursor fluid. The reactor comprises: a first fluid conduit with an inlet region configured to receive a flow of the precursor fluid, and an outlet region configured to output a mixed flow; and a second fluid conduit configured to receive a flow of the second fluid. The second fluid conduit extends into the first fluid conduit in a direction substantially perpendicular to the flow within the first fluid conduit, and has an opening for introducing the second fluid into the first fluid conduit. Related processes for producing nanoparticles are disclosed.

A mixer assembly for mixing an injected reductant with an exhaust gas output from a combustion engine comprises a mixer housing including a wall defining an exhaust passageway having a longitudinal axis. A tubular swirling device housing extends along a first axis substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis. The tubular swirling device includes a plurality of openings through which exhaust gas enters. The exhaust gas within the tubular swirling device swirls about the first axis and exits at an outlet end of the tubular swirling device. A mixing plate is positioned immediately downstream of the tubular swirling device. The mixing plate swirls the exhaust about a second axis extending parallel to the longitudinal axis.

An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine includes an oxidation catalytic converter unit (12) with a first catalytic converter housing with a first housing axis (A.sub.1). An SCR catalytic converter unit (18) has a second catalytic converter housing (20), with a second housing axis (A.sub.2). A mixer housing (16) has an upstream connection area (24) adjoining a downstream end (26) of the first catalytic converter housing (14) and has a downstream connection area (28) adjoining an upstream end (30) of the second catalytic converter housing. A mixer (48) is carried in the mixer housing. A reactant release device (56) at the mixer housing releases reactant into a reactant-receiving duct (72) of the mixer. The mixer housing includes a first housing part (36) forming the upstream connection area (24) and a second housing part (38) forming the downstream connection area together with the first housing part.

An apparatus for producing a composition that includes nano-bubbles dispersed in a liquid carrier includes: (a) an elongate housing comprising a first end and a second end, the housing defining a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, and an interior cavity adapted for receiving the liquid carrier from a liquid source; and (b) a gas-permeable member at least partially disposed within the interior cavity of the housing. The gas-permeable member includes an open end adapted for receiving a pressurized gas from a gas source, a closed end, and a porous sidewall extending between the open and closed ends having a mean pore size no greater than 1.0 m. The gas-permeable member defines an inner surface, an outer surface, and a lumen. The housing and gas-permeable member are configured to form a composition that includes the liquid carrier and the nano-bubbles dispersed therein.

A vehicle exhaust system includes an injector assembly having a cone positioned adjacent to an injector mount and which extends from an upstream inlet end to a downstream outlet end. Engine exhaust gas and injected spray enter the inlet end of the cone to mix with each other prior to exiting the cone via the outlet end. The cone has a narrowing body portion located downstream of the inlet end to accelerate flow during mixing. A vehicle exhaust component assembly comprising a mixer with the injector assembly and a method for injecting a fluid into an exhaust component using the injector assembly are also disclosed.