A caffeine reduction apparatus includes: a main housing provided with an inlet and outlet pipe; a mixing portion including an accommodating portion through which coffee grounds are input inside the accommodating portion, and a blade configured to be rotated inside the accommodating portion such that the coffee grounds are mixed; a driving portion configured to rotate the blade; and an ultraviolet ray emitting portion positioned at an upper portion of the main housing and mounted at an inner side surface of a door that seals an inner portion of the mixing portion, the ultraviolet ray emitting portion being configured to emit ultraviolet rays toward the mixing portion.

A liquid-mixing apparatus used in a liquid-mixing method comprises a plurality of supply valves provided to a cylinder. The supply valves make it possible to individually supply a plurality of types of liquids into a retention chamber. Each of the supply valves is configured so as to be switchable between an open state, in which the interior of a supply channel via which a liquid is supplied and the interior of the retention chamber intercommunicate, and a closed state, in which communication between the supply channel and the retention chamber is blocked. A piston moves in the direction in which the volume of the retention chamber increases while at least one of the supply valves is in the open state, whereby a liquid is drawn into the storage chamber.

A liquid-mixing apparatus used in a liquid-mixing method comprises a plurality of supply valves provided to a cylinder. The supply valves make it possible to individually supply a plurality of types of liquids into a retention chamber. Each of the supply valves is configured so as to be switchable between an open state, in which the interior of a supply channel via which a liquid is supplied and the interior of the retention chamber intercommunicate, and a closed state, in which communication between the supply channel and the retention chamber is blocked. A piston moves in the direction in which the volume of the retention chamber increases while at least one of the supply valves is in the open state, whereby a liquid is drawn into the storage chamber.

A caffeine reduction apparatus includes: a main housing provided with an inlet and outlet pipe; a mixing portion including an accommodating portion through which coffee grounds are input inside the accommodating portion, and a blade configured to be rotated inside the accommodating portion such that the coffee grounds are mixed; a driving portion configured to rotate the blade; and an ultraviolet ray emitting portion positioned at an upper portion of the main housing and mounted at an inner side surface of a door that seals an inner portion of the mixing portion, the ultraviolet ray emitting portion being configured to emit ultraviolet rays toward the mixing portion.

A caffeine reduction apparatus includes: a main housing provided with an inlet and outlet pipe; a mixing portion including an accommodating portion through which coffee grounds are input inside the accommodating portion, and a blade configured to be rotated inside the accommodating portion such that the coffee grounds are mixed; a driving portion configured to rotate the blade; and an ultraviolet ray emitting portion positioned at an upper portion of the main housing and mounted at an inner side surface of a door that seals an inner portion of the mixing portion, the ultraviolet ray emitting portion being configured to emit ultraviolet rays toward the mixing portion.

Chemical reactor with high speed rotary mixing, system thereof, and method thereof, for catalytic thermal conversion of organic (hydrocarbon-containing) materials (coal, plastics, rubber, plant matter, wood shavings, biomass, organic wastes) into diesel and other liquid fuels (automobile or/and jet engine fuels). Relevant to non-conventional commercial scale production of liquid fuels, and to commercial scale processing and disposing of organic waste materials. Chemical reactor includes: integrated combination of a reactor stationary assembly (RSA), having only stationary components remaining stationary during chemical reactor operation, and a reactor rotary mixing assembly (RRMA), having only rotatable components rotating during chemical reactor operation. May include anti-abrasion shield for shielding inner surface of reactor central housing from abrasion during chemical reactor operation. Rotor may include a reinforcement disc. Rotor blades or/and reinforcement disc may include rotor-based performance and process control structural features (openings, or/and protrusions, or/and depressions), for additionally controlling performance of the rotor.

An apparatus configured to process foodstuff materials can include an exterior tube, an inner shaft, and multiple differently shaped protrusions. The exterior tube can have a foodstuff inlet, an outlet, and a longitudinal axis, and can be configured to facilitate the conveyance of foodstuff materials along a material passage from the foodstuff inlet to the outlet. The inner shaft can be located within the exterior tube, can extend along the longitudinal axis, and can combine with the exterior tube to define the material passage. The inner shaft can be configured to be rotationally driven. The multiple differently shaped protrusions can be coupled to and extend from the inner shaft, and these differently shaped protrusions can be configured to process the foodstuff materials when the inner shaft is rotationally driven. Processing can include conveying, agitating, and/or hydrating the foodstuff materials.

An apparatus configured to process foodstuff materials can include an exterior tube, an inner shaft, and multiple differently shaped protrusions. The exterior tube can have a foodstuff inlet, an outlet, and a longitudinal axis, and can be configured to facilitate the conveyance of foodstuff materials along a material passage from the foodstuff inlet to the outlet. The inner shaft can be located within the exterior tube, can extend along the longitudinal axis, and can combine with the exterior tube to define the material passage. The inner shaft can be configured to be rotationally driven. The multiple differently shaped protrusions can be coupled to and extend from the inner shaft, and these differently shaped protrusions can be configured to process the foodstuff materials when the inner shaft is rotationally driven. Processing can include conveying, agitating, and/or hydrating the foodstuff materials.

A reactor for coating particles includes a stationary vacuum chamber having a lower portion that forms a half-cylinder and an upper portion to hold a bed of particles to be coated, a vacuum port in the upper portion of the chamber, a paddle assembly, a motor to rotate a drive shaft of the paddle assembly, a chemical delivery system to deliver a first fluid, and a first gas injection assembly to receive the first fluid from the chemical delivery system and having apertures configured to inject a first reactant or precursor gas into the lower portion of the chamber and such that the first reactant or precursor gas flows substantially tangent to a curved inner surface of the half-cylinder.

A reactor for coating particles includes a stationary vacuum chamber having a lower portion that forms a half-cylinder and an upper portion to hold a bed of particles to be coated, a vacuum port in the upper portion of the chamber, a paddle assembly, a motor to rotate a drive shaft of the paddle assembly, a chemical delivery system to deliver a first fluid, and a first gas injection assembly to receive the first fluid from the chemical delivery system and having apertures configured to inject a first reactant or precursor gas into the lower portion of the chamber and such that the first reactant or precursor gas flows substantially tangent to a curved inner surface of the half-cylinder.