A heat-treatment device for heat treating packaged products that are available in bulk, and to a method of using the device. The device includes: a chamber; a tank for containing a fluid of a density such that the packaged products float when they are poured in bulk into the fluid, the tank presenting an evacuation compartment for evacuating floating products, the evacuation compartment including a hatch that is suitable for being submerged and then opened so as to evacuate a portion of the fluid including the floating products; fluid supply means for filling the tank and for regulating the level of fluid in the tank; submersion means; recovery means; and reception means.

Reactor for the synthesis of melamine from urea, in accordance with the high-pressure non-catalytic process, comprising: a vertical reactor body (1), at least one inlet (2) for the urea melt, a set of heating elements (3), and a central duct (7), said set of heating elements (3) being arranged inside said central duct.

The disclosure pertains to a urea production plant and process using a thermal stripper, wherein the reaction mixture is separated in two parts, wherein the first part is supplied at least in part to the thermal stripper and the second part at least in part bypasses the thermal stripper and is supplied to a medium pressure recovery section.

The invention relates to a process a system and a high pressure pump for the preparation of a copolymer of ethylene and a di- or higher functional (meth)acrylate in a tubular reactor, comprising the steps of: injecting ethylene at a pressure of 100 MPa to 350 MPa into the reactor from a high pressure compressor and injecting the (meth)acrylate at a pressure of 100 MPa to 350 MPa into the reactor from a high pressure pump, wherein the high pressure pump comprisesa pump suction chamber for receiving a medium to be compressed; a cylinder for receiving the medium to be compressed from the pump suction chamber; an outlet for discharging a compressed medium from the cylinder, a seal fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder at an end of the cylinder distal to the outlet anda plunger movable in the cylinder by sliding through the seal, wherein a leakage gap is present along the plunger and the leakage gap is fluidly connected to the pump suction chamber.

An energy conversion system includes a reactor vessel, a jacket disposed within the reactor vessel, the jacket having a wall that defines a chamber, a first end, and a second end opposite the first end, and a nozzle coupled to the reactor and arranged to direct a continuous flow of fuel at a flow rate into the chamber. The fuel including a mixture of a metal compound and water at a pressure that is greater than 221 bar. A cooling space is formed between the jacket and the reactor vessel and is operable to maintain a temperature of the fuel within the chamber between 374 and 800 degrees Celsius. A first gas outlet is in fluid communication with the chamber and is arranged to discharge a gas, and an outlet is in fluid communication with the chamber and is arranged to continuously discharge a reaction product and water.

The invention relates to a process a system and a high pressure pump for the preparation of a copolymer of ethylene and a di- or higher functional (meth) acrylate in a tubular reactor, comprising the steps of: injecting ethylene at a pressure of 100 MPa to 350 MPa into the reactor from a high pressure compressor and injecting the (meth)acrylate at a pressure of 100 MPa to 350 MPa into the reactor from a high pressure pump, wherein the high pressure pump comprisesa pump suction chamber for receiving a medium to be compressed; a cylinder for receiving the medium to be compressed from the pump suction chamber; an outlet for discharging a compressed medium from the cylinder, a seal fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder at an end of the cylinder distal to the outlet and a plunger movable in the cylinder by sliding through the seal, wherein a leakage gap is present along the plunger and the leakage gap is fluidly connected to the pump suction chamber.

A pressure release mechanism for use with a capsule for processing materials or growing crystals in supercritical fluids is disclosed. The capsule with the pressure release mechanism is scalable up to very large volumes and is cost effective according to a preferred embodiment. In conjunction with suitable high pressure apparatus, the capsule with pressure release mechanism is capable of processing materials at pressures and temperatures of 20-2000 MPa and 25-1500 C., respectively. Of course, there can be other variations, modifications, and alternatives.

The disclosure pertains to a urea production plant and process using a thermal stripper, wherein the reaction mixture is separated in two parts, wherein the first part is supplied at least in part to the thermal stripper and the second part at least in part bypasses the thermal stripper and is supplied to a medium pressure recovery section.

There is provided a method and apparatus for producing hydrogen gas from biogenic material (210) within a pressure vessel (10). The method comprises heating a granular material (15) to greater than 500 C., adding a batch of biogenic material (210) into the pressure vessel with the heated granular material (15) at atmospheric pressure, closing the pressure vessel, and mixing the heated granular material (15) with the biogenic material (210) inside the closed pressure vessel (10) to raise the temperature of the biogenic material (210) and commence gasification, the gasification producing gas that increases the pressure inside the pressure vessel (10), the produced gas comprising hydrogen gas.

Reactor for the synthesis of melamine from urea, in accordance with the high-pressure non-catalytic process, comprising: a vertical reactor body (1), at least one inlet (2) for the urea melt, a set of heating elements (3), and a central duct (7), said set of heating elements (3) being arranged inside said central duct.