A high pressure polymerization, as described herein, to form an ethylene-based polymer, comprising the following steps: polymerizing a reaction mixture comprising ethylene, using a reactor system comprising at least three ethylene-based feed streams and a reactor configuration that comprises at least four reaction zones, and at least one of the following a) through c), is met: (a) up to 100 wt % of the ethylene stream to the first zone comes from a high pressure recycle, and/or up to 100 wt % of the last ethylene stream to a zone comes from the output from a Primary compressor system; and/or (b) up to 100 wt % of the ethylene stream to first zone comes from the output from a Primary compressor system, and/or up to 100 wt % of the last ethylene stream to a zone comes from a high pressure recycle; and/or (c) the ethylene stream to the first zone, and/or the last ethylene stream to a zone, each comprises a controlled composition; and wherein each ethylene stream to a zone receives an output from two or more cylinders of the last compressor stage of a Hyper compressor system.

A reactor vessel (1) for biomass material, wherein said reactor vessel (1) is a pressurized reactor vessel, said reactor vessel being elongated and comprising: a substantially tubular vessel part (3); two gables (5a, 5b) connected one to each end (19a, 19b) of the tubular vessel part (3), hereby enclosing a vessel internal compartment (7); and a material transporting screw (8) comprising a central shaft (9) provided within the vessel internal compartment (7) extending between the two gables (5a, 5b) along a central axis (A) of the reactor vessel (1), wherein said material transporting screw further comprises screw flight (11) provided around the shaft (9), wherein said material transporting screw is configured for transporting the biomass material through the reactor vessel, wherein both gables (5a, 5b) are inwardly dished.

In a general aspect, a system can include a reactor for combusting fuel and producing high-temperature, high-pressure liquid as a byproduct, and at least one vessel defining a cavity to be partially filled with water, with an air pocket within the cavity above the water. The system can further include respective valves to control admission of liquid from the reactor into the air pocket when the air pocket has a pressure lower than an operating pressure of the reactor, and to control emission of the water from the at least one vessel through of the vessel after the water in the at least one vessel has been pressurized by the liquid from the reactor. The system can also include a hydroelectric drive system for receiving water emitted from the cavity, and for converting energy in the received water into electrical energy.

Fuel mixed in water is combusted in a reactor having an internal operating pressure and temperature greater than 3200 psi and greater than 374° C., where the combustion of the fuel is exothermic. Air and fuel are pressurized for introduction into the reactor to a pressure greater than the internal operating pressure using energy generated from the combustion of the fuel, and the pressurized air and the pressurized fuel are injected into the reactor. Pressurized water from the reactor is injected into a drive water column that is partially filled with water to increase a pressure of the drive water column, and water at a temperature less than 100° C. is injected into the reactor to replace water from the reactor that is injected into the drive water column. Pressurized water from the drive water column is used to drive a hydroelectric drive system to produce electrical power.

The invention discloses a method for producing bio-fuel (BF) from a high-viscosity biomass using thermo-chemical conversion of the biomass in a production line (10) with pumping means (PM), heating means (HM) and cooling means (CM). The method has the steps of 1) operating the pumping means, the heating means and the cooling means so that the production line is under supercritical fluid conditions (SCF) to induce biomass conversion in a conversion zone (CZ) within the production line, and 2) operating the pumping means so that at least part of the production line is in an oscillatory flow (OF) mode. The invention is advantageous for providing an improved method for producing biofuel from a high-viscosity biomass. This is performed by an advantageous combination of two operating modes: supercritical fluid (SCF) conditions and oscillatory flow (OF).

A supercritical hydrocyclotron for transforming one or more selected polymeric materials into a plurality of reaction products via supercritical or near-supercritical water reaction that enable the rapid and economic conversion of solid biomass and/or waste plastic materials (i.e., organic materials) into smaller liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon moleculessmaller hydrocarbon molecules that, in turn, are useful as chemical feedstock materials including, for example, liquid transportation fuels and bio-adhesives. The innovative supercritical hydrocyclonic systems and related mobile units disclosed herein comprise, in combination, (1) a supercritical water (or near-supercritical water) treatment system for converting organic materials into smaller hydrocarbon molecules, and (2) a hydrocyclonic separation system for recovering the smaller hydrocarbon molecules from the combined water/hydrocarbon effluent.

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of clean and efficient mining of deep unconventional or conventional resources, and discloses a pilot-scale supercritical water oxidation oil and hydrogen production system capable of realizing multi-stage heating of organic rock. The system comprises a supercritical water generator, a supercritical water pyrolysis reaction system for organic rock, an oxygen injection system and an oil-gas condensation and collection system, wherein the supercritical water generator mainly comprises a water injection system, a front-section preheating system, a second-stage heating system and a third-stage heating system. The reaction system can carry out a pilot-scale simulation process of supercritical water pyrolysis for organic rock, a multi-stage heating function is realized, the maximum reaction distance is 8 m or more, and the release characteristics of oil-gas products under different reaction distances are explained.

Alcoholic spirits may be artificially aged under highly pressurized carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide may form carbonic acid, which may cause various esters to form in the presence of wood as well as to mellow the flavor when no wood is present. Wood may be pretreated with ozone, which may extract lignin which may further convert to vanillin during pressurized CO2 treatment, giving a vanilla note. After processing with pressurized CO2, a post-treatment of ozone may be given to the spirit, which may cause a mild oxidation and further mellowing of the spirit.

A process for the preparation of ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in a facility having a high-pressure tubular reactor and a preheater, wherein a reaction fluid introduced into the reactor at a reactor inlet is heated in the preheater and the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater is lower than the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the tubular reactor and the ratio of the average velocity in the tubular reactor to the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater is in the range from 1.5 to 5.

Clamping assemblies for sealing an annular chamber and reaction chamber of a reactor system are disclosed. The clamping assemblies may include actuators that are symmetrically arranged in two or more independently controllable groups of actuators.