Provided is a continuous reaction apparatus which can precisely control the path of flow of the liquid reaction mixture in the reaction vessel. Further, provided is a continuous reaction apparatus which can efficiently mix the liquid reaction mixture in the reaction vessel. The continuous reaction apparatus comprises a plurality of mixing vessel units and a plurality of partition units. These units are connected in the state of being alternately stacked on one another. Each mixing vessel unit has an agitating blade disposed in the inner space thereof. The relationship between the inner diameter D1 of the mixing vessel unit, the height H of the mixing vessel unit, and the outer diameter d1 of the agitating blade satisfies the formula (1): 10(D1/H)1.5, and the formula (2): 0.99(d1/D1)0.7. The agitating blade is a circular disc-type agitating blade.

An energy storage system is provided. The energy storage system includes a vessel made of a refractory material and containing a phase change material, a thermally insulating cover at least partially surrounding the vessel, an emitter, made of a refractory material, having a first side arranged to be heated by the phase change material and a second side intended to radiate thermal power, at least one photovoltaic cell arranged to receive the thermal power emitted by the second side of the emitter, and electric means for heating the phase change material.

A unit for processing a liquid/gas phase mixture, a mercaptan oxidation apparatus, and a method of processing a liquid/gas phase mixture are provided. In an embodiment, a unit for processing a liquid/gas phase mixture includes a vessel that is adapted to receive the liquid/gas phase mixture and a distributor that is disposed in the vessel. The distributor is adapted for flow of the liquid/gas phase mixture into the vessel, and the distributor includes a first outlet pipe that is horizontally disposed within the vessel. The first outlet pipe includes top orifices and bottom orifices that are spaced along the first outlet pipe, and the first outlet pipe is in fluid communication with the vessel through the top orifices and the bottom orifices. The top orifices have a smaller cross-sectional area than the bottom orifices.

A process includes periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system, oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product, and periodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system. The reaction system includes a total reaction mixture volume and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium. A ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system is in a range from 0.75 in.sup.1 to 5 in.sup.1, and an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.0 (lb)(hr.sup.1)(gal.sup.1) to 6.0 (lb)(hr.sup.1)(gal.sup.1).

A method for preparing an aliphatic isocyanate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first step of introducing an aliphatic amine and an organic solvent into a reactor, a second step of supplying gaseous hydrogen chloride into the reactor through a sparger, and a third step of stirring the aliphatic amine and the organic solvent, and the hydrogen chloride with a stirrer installed in the reactor, wherein in the third step, a stirring force of the stirrer is controlled to 500 to 4,000 W/m.sup.3.

The present disclosure relates to reactor components and their use, e.g., in regenerative reactors. A process and apparatus for utilizing different wetted areas along the flow path of a fluid in a pyrolysis reactor, e.g., a thermally regenerating reactor, such as a regenerative, reverse-flow reactor, is described.

The present disclosure relates to a method for forming a transport mechanism for transporting at least one of a gas or a liquid. The method may comprise using a 3D printing operation to form the mechanism with an inlet and an outlet, and controlling the 3D printing operation to create the mechanism as an engineered surface structure formed in a layer-by-layer process. The method may further comprise controlling the 3D printing operation such that the engineered surface structure includes a plurality of cells propagating periodically in three dimensions, with non-intersecting, non-flat, continuously curving wall portions which form two non-intersecting domains, and where the wall portions have openings forming a plurality of flow paths extending in three orthogonal dimensions throughout from the inlet to the outlet, and such that the engineered surface structure has wall portions having a mean curvature other than zero.

Systems and apparatus for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion, such as alkylation, using vaporization to remove reaction heat from an ionic liquid reactor and to provide mixing therein, wherein hydrocarbon vapors are withdrawn from the ionic liquid reactor and the withdrawn hydrocarbon vapor is recovered by a hydrocarbon vapor recovery unit in fluid communication with the ionic liquid reactor for recycling condensed hydrocarbons to the ionic liquid reactor. Processes for ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation are also disclosed.

The disclosure pertains to an ammonium nitrate reactor with a first type static mixer in the mixing zone upstream of the tube bundle and/or a second type static mixer downstream of the tube bundle.

A continuous flow process for the synthesis of metal nanowires using a bubble column reactor. Also disclosed are different types of multiphase bubble column reactors for synthesizing metal nanowires in high yields and purity through a continuous process. The continuous process provides tunability for the aspect ratio of the nanowires.