The present invention provides a multistage single reactor system for hydroprocessing and a process of carrying out multistage hydroprocessing in the said reactor assembly consisting of, a fixed bed solid catalyst system, a feed injection system enabling axial flow of hydrogen saturated hydrocarbon feed, a hydrogen dispensing system inside the reactor enabling minimum required hydrogen flow in cross-flow pattern, also using multitudes of integrated separation and withdrawal limbs for continuous staging. The innovative reactor disclosed in the present invention enables continuous separation and withdrawal of gaseous products along the reactor length by means of combined horizontal reactor orientation and vertical separation limbs provided at the top of the horizontally oriented reactor. The advantage of the reactor assembly includes effective heat sink of exothermic reactions and lower severity of operation due to removal of inhibitory gaseous products.

A method for preparing cyclododecene and a synthesis device therefor, of the present invention, remarkably increase the conversion ratio of cyclododecatriene and selectivity of cyclododecene, can minimize the costs required for equipment and processing, are practical, reduce processing time, and are industrially advantageous to mass production in comparison with a conventional method and device.

Bubble column reactor assembly (100) is provided, the assembly comprising: a reactor vessel (104) comprising a bottom end and a top end; a pre- distributor plate (150) disposed above the bottom end of the reactor vessel (104) to distribute gas in a liquid, the plate comprising a bottom surface facing the bottom end of the reactor vessel (104) and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface. The pre-distributor plate (150) comprises a plurality of perforations (206), each perforation (206) comprising: a duct (170) projecting from the bottom surface of the pre-distributor plate; and a cap (180) enclosing the duct (170) and the perforation (206). The cap (180) comprises a plurality of openings (210). A gas distributor (110) is disposed below the pre-distributor plate (150) to receive gas and inject gas into the liquid prior to distribution of gas and the liquid by the pre- distributor plate (150).

Provided is a slurry treatment apparatus includes: a treatment tank for performing any treatment of a solid-liquid reaction, a solid-gas reaction, a gas-liquid reaction, and solid-liquid separation on a slurry containing a metal or a metal compound; a first pipe; a second pipe; and a pump, in which one end of the first pipe has a suction opening for sucking the slurry from the treatment tank, the other end of the first pipe is connected to a suction port of the pump, one end of the second pipe is linked to a discharge port of the pump, the other end of the second pipe is connected to a microbubble generator, and the microbubble generator includes a throttle that throttles a flow of the slurry and a gas supply tube for supplying gas to the throttle, and supplies microbubbles to the slurry in the treatment tank.

The invention relates to a device (D) for distributing a fluid, which is able to be arranged in a fixed catalytic bed (C.sub.1, C.sub.2) of a reactor (R), said device comprising conveying means for conveying said fluid, comprising a plurality of pipes each directly receiving a distinct share of said fluid, distribution means for distributing said fluid, means for generating a local pressure drop in said fluid, such that: the device comprises manifold means (2a) for collecting said fluid together, and providing the fluidic connection between the pipes of said fluid conveying means and said fluid distribution means, said means for generating a local pressure drop are added on to said conveying or distribution or manifold (2a) means.

A process includes periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system, oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product, and periodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system. The reaction system includes a total reaction mixture volume and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium. A ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system is in a range from 0.75 in.sup.−1 to 5 in.sup.−1, and an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1) to 6.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1).

Methods and apparatus for introducing a gas into the reaction zone of a reactor. Such methods and apparatus can more evenly distribute the gas throughout the reaction zone. Spargers for introducing a gas into the reaction zone of a reactor can be employed in systems and methods for carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound, such as para-xylene.

Described herein are delivery containers, systems and methods using same for providing improvements to precursor utilization in the containers for deposition process, as well as the cleaning and refilling of the containers. The containers are designed with structures which allow a carrier gas to be delivered from a flow distributor. The flow distributor comprises a plurality of small openings (jets) through which the carrier gas enters the precursor chamber and impinges upon the surface of the chemical precursors to produce a vapor.

A reformer reactor is provided for converting hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen rich gas by auto-thermal reaction process having a cylindrically shaped and double walled, housing with two side faces forming a reaction chamber of the reformer. Additionally, a fuel inlet is provided in one of the two side faces for providing hydrocarbon fuels into the reaction chamber, wherein further a fuel preheating means is provided which preheats the hydrocarbon fuel before the hydrocarbon fuel enters the reaction chamber.

An apparatus for introducing droplets of a monomer solution for production of poly(meth)acrylate into a reactor for droplet polymerization, comprising at least one channel or a dropletizer head, the channel or the dropletizer head being sealed at its base by a dropletizer plate, the dropletizer plate having holes through which the monomer solution is introduced into the reactor, and the dropletizer plate being configured such that holes that, in an axially symmetric dropletizer plate or in an annular dropletizer plate or in one configured as a ring segment, are not on a center line of the dropletizer plate or, in the case of a circular dropletizer plate, are not at the center of the dropletizer plate are aligned such that monomer solution is introduced through the holes into the reactor at an angle to the vertical, and the holes in the case of a radial alignment of axially symmetric dropletizer plates being aligned such that the angle at which the monomer solution is introduced into the reactor decreases in the direction of the axis of the reactor and, in the case of dropletizer plates arranged parallel to one another or of concentrically arranged dropletizer plates, each being aligned on a line parallel to the center line or line running concentrically about the center, such that the angle at which the monomer solution is introduced into the reactor is constant.