According to one or more embodiments, non-agglomerated, nano-sized ZSM-22 zeolites may be synthesized by methods comprising operating a mechanical rotation drum unit at a first temperature of from 40° C. to 60° C. and a first speed of from 200 rpm to 1000 rpm for a first time period of from 1.3 hours to 2.7 hours; operating the mechanical rotation drum unit at a second speed of from 30 rpm to 90 rpm for a second time period of from 0.05 hours to 0.4 hours; heating the mechanical rotation drum unit at a ramping temperature of from 8° C./minute to 12° C./minute to a second temperature of from 115° C. to 185° C. at the second speed; operating the mechanical rotation drum unit at the second temperature and the second speed for a third time period of from 30 hours to 90 hours; and cooling the mechanical rotation drum unit at a fourth speed of 0 rpm.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a transition metal lithium oxide, comprising steps of: A) mixing a lithium salt and a transition metal compound, and performing a pretreatment to obtain a precursor; wherein the pretreatment temperature is 100-300° C.; and the pretreatment time is 1-10 h; B) precalcining the precursor to obtain an intermediate; and C) continuously feeding the intermediate into a feed port of a moving bed reactor, and calcining, to obtain a transition metal lithium oxide. In the present disclosure, a pretreatment process is performed before the precalcination, and the pretreatment temperature and time are further limited, thereby solving the problem of material hardening during the calcination process of battery materials. In conjunction with using a moving bed reactor, the gas phase and the solid phase are sufficiently contacted, and at the same time the thickness of the filler is increased, the productivity is enhanced and the oxygen consumption is largely decreased at the same time. The present disclosure further provides an apparatus for preparing a transition metal lithium oxide.

The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for recycling lead-acid batteries, and more specifically, relates to purifying and recycling the lead content from lead-acid batteries. A system includes a reactor that receives and mixes a lead-bearing material waste, a carboxylate source, and a recycled liquid component to form a leaching mixture yielding a lead carboxylate precipitate. The system also includes a phase separation device coupled to the reactor, wherein the phase separation device isolates the lead carboxylate precipitate from a liquid component of the leaching mixture. The system further includes a closed-loop liquid recycling system coupled to the phase separation device and to the reactor, wherein the closed-loop liquid recycling system receives the liquid component isolated by the phase separation device and recycles a substantial portion of the received liquid component back to the reactor as the recycled liquid component.

A calcining kettle includes an outer kettle shell, an inner kettle shell, an interior heat exchanger assembly defining at least one tortuous path inside a volume defined by the inner kettle shell, and an agitator within the inner kettle shell. The inner kettle shell is disposed within the outer kettle shell such that the inner kettle shell and the outer kettle shell together at least partially define a jacket adjacent the inner kettle shell. The inner kettle shell and the interior heat exchanger assembly at least partially define a processing volume. The agitator is configured to rotate at least one paddle to cause movement of a feedstock material within the processing volume. A heating device may be structured and adapted to circulate a heat transfer fluid in the at least one tortuous path and the jacket. Calcining methods are also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for recycling lead-acid batteries, and more specifically, relates to purifying and recycling the lead content from lead-acid batteries. A system includes a reactor that receives and mixes a lead-beating material waste, a carboxylate source, and a recycled liquid component to form a leaching mixture yielding a lead carboxylate precipitate. The system also includes a phase separation device coupled to the reactor, wherein the phase separation device isolates the lead carboxylate precipitate from a liquid component of the leaching mixture. The system further includes a closed-loop liquid recycling system coupled to the phase separation device and to the reactor, wherein the closed-loop liquid recycling, system receives the liquid component isolated by the phase separation device and recycles a substantial portion of the received liquid component back to the reactor as the recycled liquid component.

The invention relates to a method for producing magnetite with a purity of no less than 90% and higher than 98%, by oxidation of pulverized wustite (iron oxide), at temperatures ranging from 200 C. to 800 C., with the addition of water in liquid or steam form, in counter-current or concurrently, in an externally heated reaction chamber with a controlled atmosphere. The amount of water used to oxidize the wustite being 60 to 500 ml per kilogram of wustite, the grains of wustite powder are injected into the reaction chamber having a size no greater than 100 m for optimal reaction.

The disclosure discloses a method for preparing calcium oxide using multistage suspension preheater kiln. The steps of the method are: (1) the limestone powder is fed to the multistage suspension preheater kiln for preheating to 800 C. to 900 C.; (2) A preheated material is fed to a decomposition furnace, and calcined at 900 C. to 1100 C. for 25 s to 35 s; (3) A calcined material is fed to a rotary kiln, and calcined at 1100 C. to 1300 C. for 25 to 35 minutes, and finally cooled to obtain calcium oxide.

A process of conversion of fuel grade coke produced through thermal cracking of heavy petroleum residue to anode grade coke. The process employs high sulfur fuel grade coke as the feedstock to produce low sulfur coke, which can be used to manufacture electrodes for use in the aluminum industry. A related system is adapted to remove metal content from coke and convert fuel grade coke to anode grade coke.

A continuous tubular reactor includes a rotary reaction tube having a reactant inlet and a product outlet, and including a ceramic; a heating device disposed outside the rotary reaction tube; and an angle adjuster adjusting an angle of a rotation axis of the rotary reaction tube. The angle of the rotation axis is 75 or less with respect to a horizontal surface.

The present disclosure relates to methods by which lead from spent lead-acid batteries may be extracted, purified, and used in the construction of new lead-acid batteries. A method includes: (A) forming a mixture including a carboxylate source and a lead-bearing material; (B) generating a first lead salt precipitate in the mixture as the carboxylate source reacts with the lead-bearing material; (C) increasing the pH of the mixture to dissolve the first lead salt precipitate; (D) isolating a liquid component of the mixture from one or more insoluble components of the mixture; (E) decreasing the pH of the liquid component of the mixture to generate a second lead salt precipitate; and (F) isolating the second lead salt precipitate from the liquid component of the mixture. Thereafter, the isolated lead salt precipitate may be converted to leady oxide for use in the manufacture of new lead-acid batteries.