The present disclosure relates generally to two-stage biomass pyrolysis systems configured to maximize pyrolysis vapor yield from a lignocellulosic biomass while being conducive to commercial-scale throughput of lignocellulosic biomass. The system includes a reactor first stage comprising at least one auger pyrolyzes a lignocellulosic feedstock at a temperature and residence time that produces pyrolysis vapors derived predominantly from cellulose and hemi-cellulose fractions of the feedstock. A reactor second stage is configured to partially-pyrolyzed feedstock from the reactor first stage at a higher temperature for an additional residence time to produce additional pyrolysis vapors that are predominantly derived from of lignin. Certain embodiments arrange multiple reactor first stages around a single reactor second stage.

Process for the fluidized-bed catalytic cracking of a weakly coking feedstock having a Conradson carbon residue equal to or less than 0.1% by weight and a hydrogen content equal to or greater than 12.7% by weight, comprising at least a step of cracking the feedstock, a step of separating/stripping the effluents from the coked catalyst particles and a step of regenerating said particles, the process being characterized in that at least one coking, carbonaceous and/or hydrocarbonaceous effluent having a content of aromatic compounds of greater than 50% by weight, comprising more than 20% by weight of polyaromatic compounds, is recycled to homogeneously distributed and weakly coked catalyst, before regeneration, in order to adjust the delta coke of the process.

The invention relates to a multi-level furnace for thermal treatment of the material flow which has at least two process chambers arranged one above another, each providing at least two level floors, and is equipped with one or more transfer devices for transferring the treated material flow from an upper process chamber to a lower process chamber. In order to separate the two process chambers in terms of gas flow, the transfer device has means for forming a material column in the transition region between the upper and the lower process spaces, wherein said means for forming a material column comprise at least one conveying unit or at least one chute, and the at least one conveying unit or at least one chute also forms a material removal device for the upper process chamber and/or a material input device for the lower process chamber.

A dense loading system with wave loader is a device intended to maximize and evenly distribute catalyst within a catalyst reactor. More specifically, the device provides a dense loading machine that uses air/nitrogen to propel catalysts within the space of a catalyst reactor. To accomplish this, the system includes a unique arrangement of components that utilizes a hybrid distribution of catalyst through a specifically shaped catalyst distribution disc. Further, the catalyst distribution disc is subjected to both pneumatic and rotational forces with the help of a sparger system and a motor system. In addition, the system provides a dense loading machine that may be operated manually or autonomously. Further, the device may load catalyst in radial waves, may achieve targeted area loading, and includes a gyroscopic auto alignment system for the catalyst distribution disc. Thus, the dense loading system that can efficiently and evenly distribute catalyst within a catalyst reactor.

A reactor for coating particles includes a stationary vacuum chamber to hold a bed of particles to be coated, a chemical delivery system, and a paddle assembly. The paddle assembly includes a rotatable drive shaft and a first plurality of paddles and a second plurality of paddles that extend radially from the drive shaft. The spacing, cross-sections, and oblique angles of the paddles are such that orbiting of the paddles causes the first plurality of paddles and the second plurality of paddles to displace substantially equal volumes in opposite directions in the lower portion of the stationary vacuum chamber.

Process for operating a hot particle rotary valve having a rotor and a casing. The process includes subjecting the hot particle rotary valve to an internal temperature increase treatment in which the inside of the rotary valve is heated during the start-up of the particle rotary valve.

Process for the fluidized-bed catalytic cracking of a weakly coking feedstock having a Conradson carbon residue equal to or less than 0.1% by weight and a hydrogen content equal to or greater than 12.7% by weight, comprising at least a step of cracking the feedstock, a step of separating/stripping the effluents from the coked catalyst particles and a step of regenerating said particles, the process being characterized in that at least one coking, carbonaceous and/or hydrocarbonaceous effluent having a content of aromatic compounds of greater than 50% by weight, comprising more than 20% by weight of polyaromatic compounds, is recycled to homogeneously distributed and weakly coked catalyst, before regeneration, in order to adjust the delta coke of the process.

The invent on relates to a device for producing starting materials, combustible substances and fuels from organic substances. Said device comprises a reactor (10) that comprises a feeding device (11) for the organic substances, a discharge device (12) for the reaction products, and a device (13) for supplying reaction energy for the transformation of organic substances into the reaction products. The invention is characterized in that the reactor (10) comprises a device (14) for forming a circulating flow inside the reactor.

A catalyst loading device configured to rotationally spread a catalyst in a reactor includes: a rotor disposed in the reactor and configured to be rotated; a feeder configured to feed the catalyst to the rotor; and an air delivery unit configured to generate an air flow along the catalyst fed to the rotor. The rotor is disposed to a lower end of a cylinder that is concentric with a rotary shaft of the rotor. The cylinder includes: a delivery air feed pipe configured to generate the air flow of delivery air; and a throttle mechanism configured to regulate the delivery air.

Fluidized bed reactor apparatus, comprising a cylindrical reactor chamber (10), and a rotating shaft (14) equipped with radially extending fluidization units (16) disposed in the reactor chamber (10), said rotating shaft (14) being connected to a drive unit (42). The apparatus further comprising means for feeding fluidizing bed material into the reactor chamber (10), creating a fluidized bed (28) in the reactor chamber (10), means for feeding organic material that shall be processed into the fluidized bed (28) in the reactor chamber (10), and one or more outlets (22,24) for discharge of material, gases and vapors, wherein the process in the reactor chamber (10) is controlled by a control system (40) connected to at least the drive unit (42). The invention also relates to a method for processing organic material using a fluidized bed reactor apparatus.