The machinery and methods disclosed herein are based on the use of a specialized extruder configured to continuously convey and plasticize/moltenize selected lignocellulosic biomass and/or waste plastic materials into a novel variable volume tubular reactor, wherein the plasticized/moltenized material undergoes reaction with circumferentially injected supercritical water—thereby yielding valuable simple sugar solutions and/or liquid hydrocarbon mixtures (e.g., “neodiesel”), both of which are key chemical commodity products. The reaction time may be adjusted by changing the reactor volume. The machinery includes four zones: (1) a feedstock conveyance and plasticization/moltenization zone; (2) a steam generation and manifold distribution zone; (3) a central supercritical water reaction zone; and (4) a pressure let-down and reaction product separation zone. The machinery and methods minimize water usage—thereby enabling the economic utilization of abundant biomass and waste plastics as viable renewable feedstocks for subsequent conversion into alternative liquid transportation fuels and valuable green-chemical products.

A catalyst recovery system that includes a concentrated slurry production unit that concentrates a slurry extracted from a reactor main unit and continuously produces a concentrated slurry, a first discharge unit that discharges the concentrated slurry from the concentrated slurry production unit, a solidified slurry production unit that cools the concentrated slurry discharged from the concentrated slurry production unit, thereby solidifying the liquid medium within the concentrated slurry and producing a solidified slurry, and a recovery mechanism that recovers the solidified slurry from the solidified slurry production unit.

The present disclosure relates generally to two-stage biomass pyrolysis systems configured to maximize pyrolysis vapor yield from a lignocellulosic biomass while being conducive to commercial-scale throughput of lignocellulosic biomass. The system includes a reactor first stage comprising at least one auger pyrolyzes a lignocellulosic feedstock at a temperature and residence time that produces pyrolysis vapors derived predominantly from cellulose and hemi-cellulose fractions of the feedstock. A reactor second stage is configured to partially-pyrolyzed feedstock from the reactor first stage at a higher temperature for an additional residence time to produce additional pyrolysis vapors that are predominantly derived from of lignin. Certain embodiments arrange multiple reactor first stages around a single reactor second stage.

An alternative process and device for carrying out Fischer Tropsch (FT) syntheses is proposed, allowing the reactant entities that take part in the FT reaction to be activated and their contributions, whether by quantity or by proportion, to be adjusted. The process consists in making a particulate phase, optionally consisting of catalytic particles, flow through a reactor. While flowing through the reactor, the particulate phase is subjected at regular intervals to the action of a plasma obtained from a gas, such as hydrogen, thus enabling hydrogen activation for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide, or carbon monoxide activation in order to lengthen the carbon chains.

A reactor for coating particles includes a stationary vacuum chamber to hold a bed of particles to be coated, a chemical delivery system, and a paddle assembly. The paddle assembly includes a rotatable drive shaft and a first plurality of paddles and a second plurality of paddles that extend radially from the drive shaft. The spacing, cross-sections, and oblique angles of the paddles are such that orbiting of the paddles causes the first plurality of paddles and the second plurality of paddles to displace substantially equal volumes in opposite directions in the lower portion of the stationary vacuum chamber.

The invention relates to a pretreatment process for improving the filling of a chamber with solid particles, in which said solid particles are mixed before loading of said solid particles into the chamber with at least one lubricant that is solid at ambient temperature chosen from saturated fatty acids having 14 or more carbon atoms, metal salts of saturated fatty acids having 14 or more carbon atoms, esters of fatty acids having 14 or more carbon atoms, fatty alcohols having 14 or more carbon atoms, linear N-alkanes having 16 or more carbon atoms in solid form, fumaric acid, talc, sodium stearoyl fumarate, the lubricant being introduced at a content of between 0.01% and 1% relative to the total weight of the mixture of solid particles and lubricant. The invention also relates to the use of the process for the pretreatment of particles of adsorbents for the separation of xylenes.

A method of producing a composite product is provided. The method includes providing a fluidized bed of carbon-based particles in a fluidized bed reactor, providing a catalyst or catalyst precursor in the fluidized bed reactor, providing a carbon source in the fluidized bed reactor for growing carbon nanotubes, growing carbon nanotubes in a carbon nanotube growth zone of the fluidized bed reactor, and collecting a composite product comprising carbon-based particles and carbon nanotubes.

A method of producing a composite product is provided. The method includes providing a fluidized bed of metal oxide particles in a fluidized bed reactor, providing a catalyst or catalyst precursor in the fluidized bed reactor, providing a carbon source in the fluidized bed reactor for growing carbon nanotubes, growing carbon nanotubes in a carbon nanotube growth zone of the fluidized bed reactor, and collecting a composite product comprising metal oxide particles and carbon nanotubes.

The present invention relates to the field of high polymer material manufacturing, and discloses an air-isolated continuous feeding system for synthesizing polylactic acid from lactide and a feeding method thereof. The continuous feeding system comprises a raw material bag/box and a raw material collector for collecting and outputting lactide, the raw material bag/box is connected with a shielding gas input pipeline, a discharge pipe is movably inserted into the raw material bag/box, a cyclone separator is connected downstream of the discharge pipe, and a solid substance outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the raw material collector. According to the invention, deterioration of the lactide raw material incurred by moisture absorption and oxidation is avoided, and the reaction conversion ratio and final product purity are improved. The continuous feeding system is easy to operate, can save manpower and material resources, and is applicable to industrial application.

The object of the present invention relates to a rotating drum for infeeding material by gravity to its interior, which can be used both inside a vessel that could be subjected to pressure or not, such as for example for the treatment of solid waste with water vapour, and externally for all types of equipment that require infeeding material to a rotating drum for the transportation and tumbling thereof, wherein due to the special configuration thereof it does not require an independent device for infeeding material to the rotating drum.