The invention involves a scale collection device that is located within downflow reactor head for removing solids from feed streams to increase reactor operating cycle time without impact on effective reactor space for catalyst loading. More particularly, a filtering zone is located in an upper portion of a reactor vessel above a rough liquid distribution tray and a distribution tray.

An internal loop airlift reactor (ILAR) for process intensification integrating reaction and separation includes a riser, a downcomer, a hydrocyclone, internals preventing occurrence of dead zone, a gas guide cone, vent holes, and a gas-liquid integrated distributor. The hydrocyclone is arranged at the bottom of the ILAR downcomer; the gas guide cone and the vent holes in the downcomer prevent the gas from entering the hydrocyclone; after the slurry enters the hydrocyclone, the solid-containing slurry enters the riser again from the hydrocyclone underflow, and the solid-free clean product flows out through the hydrocyclone overflow. The ILAR in the present invention has a simple structure and low cost and requires no special liquid-solid separation device. It can achieve gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction, interphase mass transfer, and solid-liquid separation simultaneously, and is suitable for a gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction in which the catalyst is solid particles.

The present disclosure relates to settling devices for separating particles from a bulk fluid with applications in numerous fields. The particle settling devices of the present disclosure may include a stack of truncoconical cones that may be arranged in opposite orientation, apex to base. Other embodiments include several concentric vertical tubes attached to conical surfaces at the bottom, with inclined settling strips attached to the vertical tubes in annular regions between the tubes. These devices are useful for separating small (millimeter or micron sized) particles from a bulk fluid with applications in numerous fields, such as biological (microbial, mammalian, plant, insect or algal) cell cultures, solid catalyst particle separation from a liquid or gas and waste water treatment.

Disclosed is an oxidation process to produce a crude carboxylic acid product carboxylic acid product. The process comprises oxidizing a feed stream comprising at least one oxidizable compound to generate a crude carboxylic acid slurry comprising furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and compositions thereof. Also disclosed is a process to produce a dry purified carboxylic acid product by utilizing various purification methods on the crude carboxylic acid.

The invention is a method for chemical looping (CLC) oxidation-reduction combustion of liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks carried out in a fluidized bed. A liquid hydrocarbon feedstock (2) is partly vaporized on contact with a hot particle solid (1) to form a partly vaporized liquid feedstock and to form coke on the solid prior to contacting partial vaporized liquid feedstock (19) with a redox active mass of particles (12) to achieve combustion of the partially vaporized liquid feed (19). The hot solid particles can notably be from a second fluidized-bed particle circulation loop.

A method for separating a dissolved product from a liquid is disclosed. A carrier liquid is cooled in a direct-contact exchanger, the direct-contact exchanger using a liquid coolant to cool the carrier liquid. The carrier liquid comprises a dissolved product. The carrier liquid and the liquid coolant are substantially immiscible. A portion of the dissolved product is condensed, frozen, deposited, desublimated, or a combination thereof out of the carrier liquid as a solid product at a liquid-liquid interface between the liquid coolant and the carrier liquid. The solid product is entrained in the carrier liquid, the liquid coolant, or a combination thereof. The solid product is separated from the carrier liquid, the liquid coolant, or a combination thereof.

Vapor and liquid flow concurrently down through a vertical vessel. A horizontal scale collection and predistribution tray is located in the vessel to remove solid contaminants and to redistribute the liquid to a fine distribution tray. The scale collection and predistribution tray consists of a tray plate with a scale collection zone where the solid contaminants settle and deposit. In one embodiment, an upstanding permeable wall forms the scale collection zone, and liquid is filtered as it flows through the permeable wall, leaving the solid contaminants trapped upstream from the permeable wall. The predistribution tray has a rim provided with a slotted weir. Liquid from the scale collection zone forms a liquid level in a trough located between the permeable wall and the weir. Due to the uniform liquid level in the trough, liquid flow rates through the slots in the weir are nearly equal. Because of the polygonal shape of the tray, the liquid exits the slots in a direction along lanes defined between distribution units on the fine distribution tray, and the amount of liquid entering the vapor inlets of the distribution units is therefore small. Vapor by-passes the scale collection and predistribution tray through the area between the reactor wall and the permeable wall, and through the area between the reactor wall and the weir to the fine distribution tray. The scale collection and predistribution tray protects the fine distribution tray and the catalyst bed from fouling, predistributes liquid to the fine distribution tray to minimize level gradients on this tray, and reduces flow velocities to ensure calm flow conditions on the fine distribution tray.

A system and method for preparing a high-purity vanadium electrolyte, comprising preparing a low-valence vanadium oxide with vanadium oxytrichloride by ammonium salt precipitation and fluidization reduction, and preparing the high-purity vanadium electrolyte at a low temperature by adding a sulfuric acid solution and clean water under the conditions of ultrasound-assisted dissolution and activation. Efficient utilization of heat is achieved through heat exchange between the ammonium salt and the reduction tail gas and heat exchange between the reduction product and fluidized nitrogen gas. Ammonia gas in the reduction tail gas is recovered for precipitation of vanadium to achieve the recycling of ammonia gas. An internal member is arranged in the reduction fluidized bed to realize the precise regulation of the valence state of the reduction product. Furthermore, ultrasound-assisted dissolution and activation are employed to prepare the vanadium electrolyte at a low temperature, thereby improving the activity of the electrolyte.

A method for charging a catalyst into a reactor (40) comprising a separation loop (21), comprising the following steps: a) filling the reactor (40) with a solvent S1; b) filling the separation loop (21) with said solvent S1; c) causing said solvent S1 to move in the synthesis reactor (40) and the separation loop (21); d) heating the reactor (40) to a temperature of 100 C. or less; e) injecting an inert gas into the bottom of the reactor (40); f) mixing said catalyst with a solvent S2 in a vessel (30) in order to obtain a liquid/solid mixture; g) increasing the pressure in the vessel (30) then sending the liquid/solid mixture to the reactor (40); h) withdrawing said solvent S1 and/or S2.

Aspects of the invention provide a process for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed. The process includes providing a hydrocarbon feed and a utility fluid. Then selectively extracting from the feed at least a portion of particulates to produce a raffinate and an extract. Third hydroprocessing at least a portion of the raffinate.