The present subject matter relates an apparatus (120) for distributing polyphasic fluid mixture to a catalyst bed in a downflow reactor (100). The apparatus (120) comprises a distributor tray (140) comprising a plurality of distributor units (150). The distributor unit (150) comprises an inner tube (210), an outer tube (220) disposed outside and concentric to the inner tube (210), a cover (346), a cap plate (350), and a gas inlet (358). The inner tube comprises a first aperture (314) to allow liquid to enter the inner tube (210) and a solid insert (326). The solid insert (326) forms a narrow passage (330). The outer tube (220) comprises a slot (338) to allow liquid from the distributor tray (140) to enter an annular portion (342).

A gas purification system includes a dust removal filler, a fouling collection pan and a gas purification device. The dust removal filler has a plurality of rows of channels, each channel extending obliquely with respect to a vertical direction to form a windward surface, and a leeward surface, and a waveform plate. The peak portion of the waveform plate is attached to the leeward surface of the obliquely prismatic channel. During operation, dust adheres to a concave portion of a lower surface of the waveform plate and accumulates to form dust aggregates. When the gravity of the dust aggregates is greater than the adhesion force, the dust aggregates fall onto the windward surface of the channels and slide off from the windward surface of the channels.

Systems, reactors, and processes for regenerating ionic liquid using catalyst. A plurality of tubular reactors are provided having a first end and a second end and catalyst particles disposed in the tubular reactor between the first end and the second end. A line supplies separated ionic liquid catalyst to the first end of the tubular reactor. Hydrogen is also supplied. Regenerated ionic liquid catalyst is recovered from the second end of the tubular reactor. The inner surface of the tubular reactor is preferably non-corrosive or non-reactive. A fluoropolymer lining may be used. The tubular reactors are modular, and may be changed out with the catalyst inside when the catalyst are to be replaced.

A combined reforming apparatus is provided. The combined reforming apparatus includes a body, a first catalyst tube disposed inside the body and reacting at a first temperature to reform hydrocarbons (C.sub.xH.sub.y) having two or more carbon atoms into methane (CH.sub.4), a second catalyst tube disposed inside the body, connected to the first catalyst tube, and reacting at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to reform methane (CH.sub.4) into synthesis gas comprising hydrogen (H.sub.2) and carbon monoxide (CO), and a combustion unit configured to supply heat to the first and second catalyst tubes.

A method of continuously producing carbon nanotubes and hydrogencomprising: preparing a catalyst precursor, and pre-reducing the catalyst precursor; adding a height of carbon nanotubes in a reactor as a stacked bed and electrically heating the carbon nanotubes to the reaction temperature of a vapor deposition furnace in the presence of a protective gas; putting the pre-reduced catalyst or unreduced catalyst precursor into the reactor; under the condition of stirring the solid materials in the reactor, introducing a carbon source gas, reacting same by means of the vapor deposition furnace to generate new carbon nanotubes and hydrogen, continuously discharging a part of carbon nanotubes and a part of hydrogen, and repeating these steps to achieve the continuous preparation of carbon nanotubes. The device has a high utilization rate of raw materials, can manufacture a large batch of carbon nanotubes with a high purity at one time, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Processes and systems for the production of heavy isoparaffinic hydrocarbons include feeding hydrogen and a mixed isoolefin stream, including C8-C12 olefins, isoolefins, and oligomers, and C8-C12+ hydrogenated hydrocarbons to a trickle-bed reactor system. The hydrogen and mixed isoolefin are reacted over a hydrogenation catalyst, producing a liquid effluent comprising hydrogenated hydrocarbons and unreacted olefins and oligomers, and a vapor effluent comprising hydrogenated hydrocarbons, hydrogen and unreacted olefins and oligomers. The liquid effluent is fed to a first heat exchanger, producing a cooled liquid effluent stream, which is combined with the vapor effluent, producing a mixed phase effluent. The mixed phase effluent is cooled in a second heat exchanger, producing a partially condensed effluent, which is fed to a drum, producing a vent stream, a hydrogenated product stream having greater than 95 wt % C8-C12 saturated hydrocarbons, and a hydrogenated recycle stream. The hydrogenated product stream may be provided to downstream blending systems.

Methods of sulfurizing metal containing particles in the absence of hydrogen are described. One method includes contacting a bed of metal containing particles with a gaseous stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and inert gas under reaction conditions sufficient to produce sulfided metal containing particles. The gaseous stream is introduced into a vertical reactor at an inlet positioned at the bottom portion of the reactor and any unreacted hydrogen sulfide and inert gas is removed at an outlet positioned above the inlet. The sulfided metal containing particles can be removed from the reactor and stored.

Disclosed is a flow bypass device, a reactor system containing the flow bypass device; a method for operating a fixed bed of solid particles in which gas is re-routed to an interior of the fixed bed, for example, the flow bypass device is used to bypass a portion of the solid particles; and a method for loading solid particles and a flow bypass device into a vessel. The methods and systems can use a single flow bypass device or multiple flow bypass devices that are stacked on top of one another.

A micro-interface strengthening reaction system and method for preparing polyethylene by using a solution process are provided. The system includes a pre-polymerization reactor and a polymerization reactor connected in sequence. The pre-polymerization reactor is provided with a pre-polymerization micro-interface generators, and the polymerization reactor is provided with a micro-interface generator. The system further includes a desolvation tower for removing solvents and impurities from the polyethylene product. A polyethylene inlet is disposed at a middle part of the desolvation tower, and the polyethylene inlet is connected with the flash tank bottom outlet. A nitrogen micro-interface generator for dispersing and breaking high-temperature nitrogen into micro-bubbles is disposed within the desolvation tower. Through installing the micro-interface generators on the pre-polymerization reactor and the micro-interface and on the polymerization reactor, the mass transfer area between gas phase and liquid phase is increased, the reaction efficiency is improved, and energy consumption is reduced.

Disclosed is a flow bypass device, a reactor system containing the flow bypass device; a method for operating a fixed bed of solid particles in which gas is re-routed to an interior of the fixed bed, for example, the flow bypass device is used to bypass a portion of the solid particles; and a method for loading solid particles and a flow bypass device into a vessel. The methods and systems can use a single flow bypass device or multiple flow bypass devices that are stacked on top of one another.