A method for controlling temperature of a chemical reaction without measuring a temperature of the chemical reaction. Changes in mass of a chemical reaction are monitored and are used to calculate the temperature of the system. The reaction can be maintained at a desired temperature (T) without measuring the temperature. The disclosed method is useful for reactions that occur at non-equilibrium conditions where any measured temperature would presume steady-state conditions.

A dehydrogenation reaction apparatus and a system including the same are disclosed. The dehydrogenation reaction apparatus includes: a main housing; and a dehydrogenation reactor which is provided inside of the main housing and has a catalyst provided inside. In particular, the dehydrogenation reactor generates hydrogen from a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC). The dehydrogenation reaction apparatus further includes: a heating device provided inside of the main housing and configured to apply heat to the dehydrogenation reactor through a phase change material, where the phase change material is provided between the main housing, and the dehydrogenation reactor and the heating device.

A reactor temperature measurement system includes a Fiber Bragg Grating sensor array arranged in a body of the reactor for monitoring temperatures at multiple positions in an axial direction of the body to obtain temperature sensing optical signals; and a fiber grating demodulator, connected to the Fiber Bragg Grating sensor array, and used to demodulate the temperature sensing optical signals. A method for preparing a Fiber Bragg Grating includes preparing a Fiber Bragg Grating by using a single-mode fiber and annealing the Fiber Bragg Grating, which includes heating the Fiber Bragg Grating to a temperature above 400° C. and maintaining for 100 to 200 hours.

The present invention is directed to methods of producing THC from CBD utilizing non-harsh methodology and resulting in substantially increased yields, as well as devices built upon these novel methods. The methods and devices are material efficient, and in certain embodiments, solvent-free. In particular, in certain embodiments, these methods and related devices are suitable for commercial production of THC from CBD. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of producing THC from CBD in manner that affords tunability to select the ratio of THC-8 to THC-9.

The present invention relates to a micro-interface strengthening reaction system and method for heavy oil hydrogenation preparation of ship fuel, including a liquid phase feed unit, a gas phase feed unit, a micro-interface generator, a fixed-bed reactor and a separation tank. The present invention may reduce the pressure during the reaction by 10-80% while ensuring the efficiency of the reaction by breaking the gas to form micro-sized micro-bubbles and making the micro-bubbles mix with heavy oil to form an emulsion to increase the area between the gas and the liquid phase and to achieve the effect of enhancing mass transfer in a lower preset range. And, the present invention greatly enhances the mass transfer, so that the gas-liquid ratio can be greatly reduced. Also, the method of the present invention has low process severity, high production safety, low product cost per ton, and strong market competitiveness.

Proposed is a carbon dioxide reforming (CDR) reactor having a multilayered catalyst layer arrangement for preventing catalyst deactivation, wherein, in the reactor in which a CDR reaction for reacting methane (CH.sub.4) with carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) to reform the methane into a synthesis gas including carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H.sub.2) is performed, in order to prevent a case where an endothermic reaction between a catalyst and heated reactant gas supplied to the reactor gradually causes the temperature of the reactant gas to decrease and the catalyst is deactivated by cokes generated due to the decrease in temperature of the reactant gas, CDR catalysts in the reactor are arranged in multiple layers in a multilayered structure to allow the reactant gas temperature that has decreased due to the endothermic reaction to be restored in spaces between the catalyst layers.

The invention relates to a process and a plant for producing methanol from an input gas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen using a pre-reactor stage and a main reactor stage. Input gas produced at and under elevated pressure is initially introduced into a pre-reactor stage for catalytic conversion into a first methanol-containing product stream. After separation of methanol from the first methanol-containing product stream and discharging from the pre-reactor stage a remaining gas stream is introduced into a main reactor stage as a residual gas stream after compression to reaction pressure for catalytic conversion into a second methanol-containing product stream, After separation from the second methanol-containing product stream methanol is discharged from the main reactor stage. Using an input gas having a carbon monoxide content of 25% to 36% by volume results in large savings in respect of the compressor output required for the production process.

A trisilylamine preparation apparatus includes: a reactor in which a trisilylamine synthesis reaction occurs; a reactant supply pipe for supplying reactants to the reactor; a trisilylamine discharge pipe for discharging trisilylamine from the reactor; a reactor heating means for heating the reaction space of the reactor; and a gaseous by-product discharge pipe for discharging a gaseous by-product from the reactor. The reaction space of the reactor is maintained at a temperature that is lower than the decomposition temperature of a reaction by-product generated during the synthesis reaction, the reactor heating means heats the reaction space of the reactor to a temperature that is higher than or equal to the decomposition temperature after trisilylamine is discharged through the trisilylamine discharge pipe, and the gaseous by-product discharge pipe discharges a gaseous by-product comprising a pyrolysate of the reaction by-product, generated through pyrolysis by means of the reactor heating means.

A hydrogen bromide (HBr) oxidation/quench system includes a heat exchanger reactor and an adiabatic catalytic reactor in fluid communication with the heat exchanger reactor. The system also includes a quench vessel, the quench vessel in fluid communication with the adiabatic catalytic reactor. The quench vessel has a flange. In addition, the system includes a joined three phase separator and absorber column, wherein both the three phase separator and the absorber column are in fluid communication with the quench vessel and an aqueous stripping column in fluid communication the heat exchanger reactor and the absorber column.

Systems and methods are provided for improving thermal management and/or efficiency of reaction systems including a reverse flow reactor for performance of at least one endothermic reaction and at least one supplemental exothermic reaction. The supplemental exothermic reaction can be performed in the recuperation zone of the reverse flow reactor system. By integrating the supplemental exothermic reaction into the recuperation zone, the heat generated from the supplemental exothermic reaction can be absorbed by heat transfer surfaces in the recuperation zone. The adsorbed heat can then be used to heat at least one of the fuel and the oxidant for the combustion reaction performed during regeneration, thus reducing the amount of combustion that is needed to achieve a desired temperature profile at the end of the regeneration step.