Systems and methods for liquid-phase oxidation of an aromatic feedstock containing at least one oxidizable aromatic compound may incorporate an oxidation reactor, a separation apparatus in fluidic communication with the oxidation reactor, a solids treatment unit, and a product recovery unit in fluidic communication with the separation apparatus. The oxidation reactor may conduct liquid-phase oxidation of the oxidizable aromatic compound in the aromatic feedstock in the presence of a manganate salt to form a slurry containing liquid product and solid manganese dioxide. The separation apparatus may accept the slurry from the oxidation reactor and separate the liquid component from the solid component. The solids treatment unit accepts the solid component from the separation apparatus, treats the solid component with a basic liquid to oxidize the manganese dioxide in the solid component and form a regenerated manganate salt, which may be recycled back to the oxidation reactor.

Generally, regenerable, encapsulated metal oxide catalysts comprising a ceramic matrix and metal catalysts may be used to convert alkanes to alkenes. The encapsulated metal oxide catalyst may be tailored to produce a variety of alkenes including ethylene, butylene, and propylene. Further, the encapsulated metal oxide catalysts advantageously allow for regeneration and reactant recovery for cost effective and environmentally friendly processes.

It is an object of the present invention to convert CO.sub.2 to CO by bringing about a reverse shift reaction in a relatively low-temperature condition, and thereby enhancing efficiency of generating organic substances, such as ethanol. A raw material gas g1 containing CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 is subjected to a reverse shift reaction in a reverse shift reactor 12. Organic substances are generated from a raw material gas g2 after the reverse shift reaction in an organic substance generator 13. In the subjecting step, the raw material gas g1 is brought into contact with a reverse shift reaction catalyst 20. The reverse shift reaction catalyst 20 includes a support 21 and a catalyst metal 22 supported by the support 21. The catalyst metal 22 includes a transition metal. The catalyst metal 22 is preferably composed of Fe with at least one kind of metal from among Al, Ga, In, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd and Mn added thereto.

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with -olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor.

Disclosed are a process and a system for treating contaminated soil. The process includes introducing a contaminated soil to an agitation unit. Ozone is supplied to the agitation unit thereby forming a soil-gas mixture, and the soil-gas mixture is agitated for sufficient time for the ozone to contact the contaminants thereby forming an ozone-treated soil and a residual gas-particulates mixture. The ozone-treated soil and the residual gas-particulates mixture are removed from the agitation unit. If necessary, remaining ozone is then flushed from the soil. The process occurs under negative pressure to prevent ozone from being released to the atmosphere.

The present disclosure relates to a device for gas conversion comprising a plasma reactor and a chamber configured for receiving a gas flow of converted and unconverted feed gas evacuated from the plasma reactor. The chamber comprises a supply throughput for filling the chamber with solid reactant material so as to form the fixed bed of solid reactant material, and at least one gas exhaust window for extracting a product gas. The device for gas conversion further comprises a silo for storing a stock of the solid reactant material and a connecting tube connecting a bottom opening of the silo with the supply throughput of the chamber. The silo and the connecting tube are configured such that, when the device is in operation and solid reactant material is being depleted in the chamber, a flow of solid reactant material from the silo to the chamber is induced so as to maintain the chamber filled with solid reactant material, and wherein the flow of solid reactant material from the silo to the chamber is induced by a gravitational force or at least partly by a gravitational force. The present disclosure also relates to a method for gas-conversion.

The present invention relates to a method for controlling the oxidation of wet beaded carbon black in a screw conveyor. It has surprisingly been found that the motor current used to drive the conveyor screw is an indicator for the destruction of the wet beaded carbon black during the oxidation. The inventive method as well as control device utilize said motor current and adepts the rotational speed of the screw.

Disclosed are a process and a system for treating contaminated soil. The process includes introducing a contaminated soil to an agitation unit. Ozone is supplied to the agitation unit thereby forming a soil-gas mixture, and the soil-gas mixture is agitated for sufficient time for the ozone to contact the contaminants thereby forming an ozone-treated soil and a residual gas-particulates mixture. The ozone-treated soil and the residual gas-particulates mixture are removed from the agitation unit. If necessary, remaining ozone is then flushed from the soil. The process occurs under negative pressure to prevent ozone from being released to the atmosphere.

An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing, the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid. The apparatus utilizes supercritical fluid processing, subcritical fluid processing, charring, or a combination thereof. The apparatus includes a controller configured to control the apparatus. The apparatus further including a processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material.

The present invention concerns a moving bed catalyst regenerator (1) comprising a vessel (2) extending in a vertical direction, said vessel being divided into at least two regeneration zones extending along the vertical height of said vessel, in which particles of catalyst move under gravity, in which each regeneration zone comprises, in succession and in the order in which the catalysts move: a) a combustion section (CO); b) an oxychlorination section (O) disposed below the combustion section and comprising means for bringing catalyst from the combustion section (CO) to the oxychlorination section (O); c) a calcining section (CA) disposed below the oxychlorination section; characterized in that the regeneration zones are separated from each other by a separation means which is impermeable to catalysts and to gases in a manner such that the catalysts of each of the zones are capable of being regenerated under different operating conditions.