An apparatus for producing lightweight aggregates is provided that includes an elongate furnace vessel with a delivery end for receiving particulate matter feedstock to be processed and a downstream particulate matter discharge end for discharging processed particulate matter as lightweight aggregates. A perforated distributor plate is positioned in the vessel. A fluidized bed zone is defined above the plate that has an upstream heating section for converting the particulate matter into processed particulate matter due to exposure of pressurized combustion gases and a downstream cooling section for cooling the processed particulate matter. Below the plate is a heating compartment for delivering the combustion gases through the plate into the heating section and a cooling compartment for delivering cooling air through the plate into the cooling section to cool the particulate matter processed in the upstream heating section. A downstream airflow-inducing apparatus is provided for inducing a flow of the feedstock entrained in the airflow downstream from the heating section into the cooling section of the vessel. A discharge apparatus is provided for discharging the processed particulate matter from the vessel in a suspended condition in a fluidizing air stream.

A process for the production of a hydrocarbon fluid includes the step of catalytically hydrogenating a hydrocarbon cut in presence of both a dearomatization catalyst and a dewaxing catalyst in a single slurry reactor. A hydrocarbon fluid is also disclosed as being obtainable by the process.

A shear retort mill for slow ablative pyrolysis features friction heating between shearing surfaces on a rotating disk and a static or rotating cylindrical drum enclosing the disk. A feed enters the workspace between the rotating disk and the bottom of the drum through a hollow feed shaft coupled to the rotating disk. Preferably, an auger compacts and moves the feed downward, and a shredder reduces the feed's particle size. The feed is increasingly ground and pyrolyzed as it is forced between the drum and disk shearing surface. As the dense processed material extrudes at the edge of the workspace, the gases and liquid products are forced inward by the barrier of dense solids. A static exhaust pipe at the center of the rotating feed shaft allows for the exit of these gases, which preferably go to a heat exchanger to recover any condensable fractions.

Disclosed herein are systems (e.g., moving bed redox systems) and methods for supplying thermal energy to an endothermic chemical process.

The invention relates to a process for producing energy products, notably fuel, by catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon-based solid material without coke formation, in which a cracking dispersion (40) is heated, said dispersion comprising: a solid material (1) in divided form containing at least one hydrocarbon-based compound; a liquid (30) which is inert with respect to catalytic cracking;

so that the cracking dispersion (40) reaches a temperature suitable for allowing catalytic cracking of at least one hydrocarbon-based compound;

characterized in that the cracking temperature is reached by mixing an amount of cracking dispersion (40) and an amount of inert liquid (30) brought to a temperature above the cracking temperature, such that the mixture formed reaches a temperature above the cracking temperature and below the temperature for formation of coke, dioxin and furan. The invention also relates to a device for performing such a process.

Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide.

The invention relates to chemical technology and equipment, in particular to apparatuses of processing of solid household and industrial waste, as well as other carbon-containing feedstock into combustible gasification gas and methods for pyrolysis and downdraft gasification process.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for producing carbon nanotube aggregates to improve the contact efficiency between a source gas and catalysts, thereby enabling the efficient production of high-quality CNT aggregates. A method for producing carbon nanotube aggregates according to the disclosure is a method including a growth step of growing the carbon nanotube aggregates on substrates with catalysts on surfaces. In the growth step, a source gas supply step of forming a substrate layer by stacking the substrates at a lower portion of a growth furnace configured to perform the growth step, and supplying a source gas to the substrate layer through a plurality of gas injection ports arranged at the lower portion of the growth furnace, and an in-growth furnace stir and conveyance step of mechanically stirring and/or conveying the substrate layer are performed at least in part in an overlapping manner.

A system for promoting endothermic conversions includes a first and second portion, a first and second supply, a first outlet, and a heat exchanger. The first portion defines a first inner volume containing an oxygen transfer agent. The first supply contains a reducing agent and is fluidly connected to the first inner volume. The first outlet conveys one or more of carbon dioxide, water, and an unsaturated hydrocarbon from the first inner volume. The second portion and the heat exchanger positioned within the second portion define a second inner volume containing reduced oxygen transfer agent. The second supply contains an oxidizing agent fluidly connected to the second inner volume. The heat exchanger also defines a third inner volume segregated from the second inner volume, and the heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat resulting from the oxidation of the reduced oxygen transfer agent to the third inner volume.

A gas-liquid-solid three-phase slurry bed industrial reactor capable of achieving continuous operation comprises an inlet gas distribution component composed of a false bottom and inlet gas distribution tubes, one or more layers of heat exchange tube components used for heating/cooling the bed, one or more layers of liquid-solid separator components capable of being cleaned automatically, an outlet gas-liquid-solid entrainment separation component located in the upper portion of the interior of the reactor and used for removing liquid foam and solid entrainments, a plurality of layers of solid concentration uniform distribution devices used for reducing the catalyst concentration gradient and the inlet-outlet temperature difference of the reactor, a flow guiding device located on a component support beam and used for preventing catalyst accumulation, and auxiliary systems including a filter-backflush system and a washing system. Compared with the prior art, the reactor is low in energy consumption and solves the problems of blockage, backflow and dead zones, the temperature and liquid level are well controlled, catalysts can be easily added and discharged online, and stable and continuous operation of the reactor is achieved. The reactor is suitable for being applied to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process on an industrial scale.