Processes for catalytic dehydrogenation of paraffin stream is disclosed. The process includes passing a first portion of the paraffin-containing feedstream through a select catalytic reactor in a plurality of catalytic reactors. An internal differential pressure is measured in the select catalytic reactor. A second portion of the paraffin-containing feed stream is bypassed around the select catalytic reactor when the measured internal differential pressure is above a predetermined limit of the internal differential pressure. The bypassed second portion is passed to at least one other catalytic reactor in the plurality of reactors located downstream of the select catalytic reactor being bypassed.

The invention provides a support distributor for a scallop for use in a radial flow reactor. The support distributor includes an elongated sheet having a plurality of perforations extending through a thickness thereof, and at least three edges along a length thereof so as to form a member having at least three support points which engage an inner surface of the scallop.

An external catalyst cooler arrangement for an FCC regenerator improves the operation of the catalyst cooler by the use of a heat removal unit design utilizing a central supply tube and central heat removal conduit surrounded by external heat removal tubes connected directly to the central heat removal conduit.

The present invention concerns reactors with a radial flow of process stream to be treated comprising improved internals which can be used to minimize the catalytic zones which do not receive any of the process stream which is to be treated. The invention also concerns the use of these radial flow reactors in refining or petrochemical processes.

The inventions relate to controlling the particle size, and gas flows in moving beds of particles containing metallic iron and/or nickel, wherein the metallic iron or nickel are reactants in carbonylation reactions with carbon monoxide (a component of the flowing gas). The inventions' use is to increase the rates of production of iron carbonyl and nickel carbonyl. The inventions use cross-flow funnels containing moving beds of carbonylation particles (i.e., that contain iron and nickel) and regulation of the removal of those particles from the bottoms of the funnels. Cross-flow refers to the horizontal flow of the carbonylation gas (containing carbon monoxide) through the downward moving beds of carbonylation particles held in the cross-flow funnels.

The inventions relate to controlling the particle size, and gas flows in moving beds of particles containing metallic iron and/or nickel, wherein the metallic iron or nickel are reactants in carbonylation reactions with carbon monoxide (a component of the flowing gas). The inventions' use is to increase the rates of production of iron carbonyl and nickel carbonyl. The inventions use cross-flow funnels containing moving beds of carbonylation particles (i.e., that contain iron and nickel) and regulation of the removal of those particles from the bottoms of the funnels. Cross-flow refers to the horizontal flow of the carbonylation gas (containing carbon monoxide) through the downward moving beds of carbonylation particles held in the cross-flow funnels.

In one embodiment described herein, fuel may be converted into syngas by a method comprising feeding the fuel and composite metal oxides into a reduction reactor in a co-current flow pattern relative to one another, reducing the composite metal oxides with the fuel to form syngas and reduced composite metal oxides, transporting the reduced composite metal oxides to an oxidation reactor, regenerating the composite metal oxides by oxidizing the reduced composite metal oxides with an oxidizing reactant in the oxidation reactor, and recycling the regenerated composite metal oxides to the reduction reactor for subsequent reduction reactions to produce syngas. The composite metal oxides may be solid particles comprising a primary metal oxide and a secondary metal oxide.

In one embodiment described herein, fuel may be converted into syngas by a method comprising feeding the fuel and composite metal oxides into a reduction reactor in a co-current flow pattern relative to one another, reducing the composite metal oxides with the fuel to form syngas and reduced composite metal oxides, transporting the reduced composite metal oxides to an oxidation reactor, regenerating the composite metal oxides by oxidizing the reduced composite metal oxides with an oxidizing reactant in the oxidation reactor, and recycling the regenerated composite metal oxides to the reduction reactor for subsequent reduction reactions to produce syngas. The composite metal oxides may be solid particles comprising a primary metal oxide and a secondary metal oxide.

A vessel provides for removing hydrocarbons from a catalyst. In an FCC unit, the vessel includes first and second sections. The first section includes at least one grid having a plurality of intersecting members and openings therebetween. The second section includes structured packing such as a plurality of ribbons. Grids are supported by pipes that are supported by the second section.

Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products.