The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for withdrawing polymer agglomerates from a fluidised bed polymerisation reactor, the polymerisation reactor comprising a bottom zone having a generally conical shape and no fluidisation grid. The agglomerates are withdrawn by using an agglomerate trap below the bottom zone. A value of a process variable indicative of the content of agglomerates in the agglomerate trap is measured and the opening time of the valves transferring polymer to and from the agglomerate trap is adjusted based on the measured value.

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream.

Various aspects provide for a fluidized bed reactor comprising a container having a bed of bed solids and a splashgenerator configured to impart a directed momentum to a portion of the bed solids. A bedwall may separate the bed solids into first and second reaction zones, and the directed momentum may be used to transfer bed solids from one zone to the other. A return passage may provide for return of the transferred bed solids, providing for circulation between the zones. A compact circulating bubbling fluidized bed may be integrated with a reactor having first and second stages, each with its own fluidization gas and ambient. A multistage reactor may comprise a gaswall separating at least the gas phases above two different portions of the bed. A gaslock beneath the gaswall may provide reduced gas transport while allowing bed transport, reducing contamination.

A process is provided for control of an ammoxidation reactor. More specifically, the process includes controlling an amount of oxygen added to the reactor, steam temperature and linear velocity to minimize reactor temperature deviations.

A method for processing a mixture of recycled polyester material and a polyester prepolymer from a polyester manufacturing process, wherein a recycled polyester material is mixed with a polyester prepolymer, from a polyester manufacturing process, and treated in a bulk thermal treatment reactor (7) with a process gas which flows in a counter-current or a cross-current flow direction to the flow direction of the mixture. In this process, the process gas, before entering a catalyst vessel (14), is passed through a protective bed (11) containing a solid adsorbent material that removes high-boiling organic substances or organic substances, with a high combustion temperature, from the process gas stream.

A process for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oils includes the step of contacting a hydrocarbon oil feedstock with a catalytic cracking catalyst in a reactor having one or more fast fluidized reaction zones for reaction. At least one of the fast fluidized reaction zones of the reactor is a full dense-phase reaction zone, and the axial solid fraction ε of the catalyst is controlled within a range of about 0.1 to about 0.2 throughout the full dense-phase reaction zone. When used for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oils, particularly heavy feedstock oils, the process, reactor and system show a high contact efficiency between oil and catalyst, a selectivity of the catalytic reaction, an effectively reduced yield of dry gas and coke, and an improved yield of high value-added products such as ethylene and propylene.

A method of manufacturing lithium-metal nitride including suspending a lithium-metal-oxide-powder (LMOP) within a gaseous mixture, incrementally heating the suspended LMOP to a holding temperature of between 400 and 800 degrees Celsius such that the LMOP reaches the holding temperature, and maintaining the LMOP at the holding temperature for a time period in order for the gaseous mixture and the LMOP to react to form a lithium-metal nitride powder (LMNP).

A fluidized bed reactor includes: a reactor body; a dispersion plate mounted within the reactor body to partition the inside of the reactor body in a traverse direction and having a plurality of holes through which a reaction gas passes; a nozzle unit mounted on one surface of the dispersion plate to receive an inert gas from outside the reactor and inject the inert gas so as to crush deposits on the dispersion plate; a sensing unit configured to sense the deposits on the dispersion plate; and a control unit configured to control operation of the nozzle unit according to information sensed in the sensing unit.

Processes and apparatuses for alkylating aromatic hydrocarbons with an alkylating reagent to produce an alkylated aromatic product are described. The processes and apparatuses use a riser reactor operated at a superficial velocity of 10 m/s to 25 m/s to produce the alkylated aromatic product. In some embodiments, a combination of steam and aromatic hydrocarbon is used to lift the catalyst.

A control system for automatic operation of a fluid catalytic cracking unit is shown. The control system includes a reactor severity control device operable to modulate a temperature affecting volume gain within the fluid catalytic cracking unit and a controller. The controller includes a processing circuit configured to calculate the volume gain within the fluid catalytic cracking unit by comparing a volume based on one or more input oil feeds to the fluid catalytic cracking unit to a volume of one or more output oil products of the fluid catalytic cracking unit. The processing circuit is further configured to use a neural network model to generate a target severity predicted to optimize the volume gain within the fluid catalytic cracking unit. The processing circuit is further configured to operate the reactor severity control device using the target severity to modulate the temperature affecting the volume gain within the fluid catalytic cracking unit.