This invention provides for a self-sustaining fluidized bed reactor after the wave rotor reactor in which the reactor may be a fluidized bed reactor, a self-catalytic system, and may include an arrangement for the continuous removal and/or replenishment of particles in the fluidized bed, as well as possibly including a heater for heating the walls and/or a way for managing buildup of solids on the walls of the reactor.

A fluidized bed biogasifier is provided for gasifying biosolids. The biogasifier includes a reactor vessel and a feeder for feeding biosolids into the reactor vessel at a desired feed rate during steady-state operation of the biogasifier. A fluidized bed in the base of the reactor vessel has a cross-sectional area that is proportional to at least the fuel feed rate such that the superficial velocity of gas is in the range of 0.1 m/s (0.33 ft/s) to 3 m/s (9.84 ft/s). In a method for gasifying biosolids, biosolids are fed into a fluidized bed reactor. Oxidant gases are applied to the fluidized bed reactor to produce a superficial velocity of producer gas in the range of 0.1 m/s (0.33 ft/s) to 3 m/s (9.84 ft/s). The biosolids are heated inside the fluidized bed reactor to a temperature range between 900 F. (482.2 C.) and 1700 F. (926.7 C.) in an oxygen-starved environment having a sub-stoichiometric oxygen level, whereby the biosolids are gasified.

A process for starting a multizone circulating reactor containing no polyolefin particles, comprising the steps of conveying gas through the reactor and the gas recycle line, feeding a particulate material comprising a polymerization catalyst and optionally polyolefin into the reactor, controlling the gas flow in a vertical reactor zone equipped with a throttling valve at the bottom so that the upwards gas velocity in the bottom part of this reaction zone is lower than the terminal free-fall velocity of the particulate material fed into the reactor, and, after the weight of the particulate polyolefin in this reactor zone is higher than the drag force of the upward moving gas, controlling the circulation rate of the polymer particles within the multizone circulating reactor by adjusting the opening of the throttling valve and adjusting the flow rate of a dosing gas.

Systems and methods for enhancing the processing of hydrocarbons in a FCC unit by introduction of the coked FCC catalyst from the FCC reactor and a renewable feedstock to the FCC regenerator to facilitate regeneration of the coked FCC catalyst. The renewable feedstock can contain biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and coke from the coked FCC catalyst are oxidized by oxygen to provide a regenerated catalyst that is recycled to the FCC reactor.

A hydrocarbon feed stream may be processed by a method that may include catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon feed stream in a counter-current reactor to produce a first effluent stream, and processing a portion or all of the first effluent stream by at least one or more separations. The at least one or more separations may form at least a second effluent stream including at least 95 wt. % C.sub.4-C.sub.6 hydrocarbons, and a third effluent stream including at least 95 wt. % of ethane, propane, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the method may further include catalytically cracking a portion or all of the second effluent stream in a second reactor to form a second reactor effluent stream, combining a portion of all of the second reactor effluent stream with the first effluent stream, steam cracking a portion or all of the third effluent stream to form a steam cracked effluent stream, and combining a portion or all of the steam cracked effluent stream with the first effluent. In other embodiments, the method may further include passing a portion or all of the second effluent stream to the counter-current reactor, steam cracking a portion or all of the third effluent stream to form a steam cracked effluent stream, and combining a portion or all of the steam cracked effluent stream with the first effluent stream.

Vapor delivery apparatus configured for generating a gaseous precursor from solid source precursor particles in a fluidized bed are disclosed. In addition, vapor phase reactors including a vapor delivery apparatus including a fluidized bed of solid precursor are also disclosed. Methods for monitoring and a controlling a vapor delivery system including a fluidized bed also disclosed.

A regeneration method for catalytic cracking reaction, the method is applied in a catalytic reaction process of petroleum hydrocarbon materials, and the method comprises: feeding the regenerated and semi-regenerated catalyst from a regenerator separately into different positions of a reactor for reaction. A part of the semi-regenerated catalyst is firstly processed in a purification cooler for removing carried nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and impurity gases before being fed into the reactor. Spent catalyst or the purified and cooled semi-regenerated catalyst is fed into a catalyst mixing section of the reactor for controlling the temperature of the catalyst being contact with the oil material to be gasified, thereby achieving a three stage cycle of the catalyst in the reactor and a three stage control for the reaction outlets of the oil material gasification zone and the cracking reaction zone and the catalyst taking part in the reaction.

The present invention relates to a method for producing carbon nanostructures using a fluidized bed reactor. According to the method, some of the as-produced carbon nanostructures remain uncollected and are used as fluidic materials to improve the fluidity in the reactor. The method enables the production of carbon nanostructures in a continuous process. In addition, the fluidity of the catalyst and the fluidic materials in the reactor is optimized, making the production of carbon nanostructures efficient.

Processes for producing polycrystalline silicon by thermal decomposition of silane are disclosed. The processes generally involve thermal decomposition of silane in a fluidized bed reactor operated at reaction conditions that result in a high rate of productivity relative to conventional production processes.

An apparatus for controlling flow of a material includes an inlet for receiving the material from a source, and a seal mechanism connected to the inlet, the seal mechanism having a fluidizing bed configured to receive the material from the inlet, a first discharge passageway and a second discharge passageway. The fluidizing bed includes a first transport zone associated with the first discharge passageway and a second transport zone associated with the second discharge passageway, wherein the first and second transport zones are configured to receive transport gas from a transport gas source. The transport gas is controllable to selectively divert a flow of the material into the first discharge passageway and the second discharge passageway.