Systems and methods for enhancing the processing of hydrocarbons in a FCC unit by introduction of the coked FCC catalyst from the FCC reactor and a renewable feedstock to the FCC regenerator to facilitate regeneration of the coked FCC catalyst. The renewable feedstock can contain biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and coke from the coked FCC catalyst are oxidized by oxygen to provide a regenerated catalyst that is recycled to the FCC reactor.

The present disclosure relates to processes for production of polyolefins from olefin monomer(s) in a gas phase reactor using condensing agent(s) (CAs), and in particular relates to controlling condensed phase cooling in a gas phase reactor used to polymerize olefin monomer(s). The method may include introducing first and second condensing agent(s) into the reactor at ratio(s) determined by ascertaining a stick limit for the first condensing agent, calculating an equivalence factor relating the first and second condensing agents, ascertaining total allowable condensing agent, and calculating amount of the first condensing agent removed and replaced by the second condensing agent. The method may further include calculating the dew point limit of a gas phase composition including olefin monomer(s) as well as the first and second condensing agents; and determining if introducing a mixture comprising the olefin monomer(s) and the condensing agent composition would exceed the calculated dew point limit.

The present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses of producing hydrogen. The methods comprise: (a) contacting a plastic with a catalyst and a gas feed; and (b) applying a microwave at a first temperature. The apparatuses comprise: a reactor for mixing plastic with a catalyst to form a mixture; an inlet for introducing a gas feed; a microwave generator; an optional temperature sensor; and an outlet configured to exhaust the product hydrogen formed in the reactor.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to drying a wet coated seed material stream comprising an incoming wet granular biosolids stream mixed with a controlled size dried seed material recycling stream to produce a moist air and pellet stream, separating an uncontrolled size dried pellet stream from the moist air and pellet stream, diverting a recycle portion of the uncontrolled size dried pellet stream to be recycled, diverting the remainder of the uncontrolled size dried pellet stream to an outlet, resizing oversized pellets from the recycle portion of the uncontrolled size dried pellet stream to produce the controlled size dried seed material recycling stream, and mixing the controlled size dried seed material recycling stream with the incoming wet granular biosolids stream to produce the wet coated seed material stream. Oversized pellets may be selected using a screen. The oversized pellets may be resized using a crusher inline with the recycle stream.

Organochlorosilanes are produced by reacting, in a fluidized bed reactor, a chloromethane-containing reactant gas with a particulate contact mass containing silicon and a catalyst, wherein the organochlorosilanes have the general formula (CH.sub.3).sub.nHSiCl.sub.4-n-m where n=1 to 3 and m=0 or 1, wherein the process is characterized by three dimensions indices K1-K3, which are respectively associated with the reactor, the contact mass, and the reaction conditions, and which are maintained within specified bounds.

A method and system for making enhanced activated carbon are disclosed. A first heated gas including oxygen flows through a fluidized bed including particles comprising activated carbon to form oxidized activated carbon particles. A second heated gas including nitrogen, ammonia or a combination thereof, flows through a fluidized bed including the oxidized activated carbon particles to form nitrogenated activated carbon particles. A third heated gas including hydrogen flows through a fluidized bed including the nitrogenated activated carbon particles to form the enhanced activated carbon particles.

A turbulent fluidized bed reactor, device and method for preparing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether and toluene, resolving or improving the competition problem between an MTO reaction and an alkylation reaction during the process of producing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether and toluene, and achieving a synergistic effect between the MTO reaction and the alkylation reaction. By controlling the mass transfer and reaction, competition between the MTO reaction and the alkylation reaction is coordinated and optimized to facilitate a synergistic effect of the two reactions, so that the conversion rate of toluene, the yield of para-xylene, and the selectivity of light olefins are increased. The turbulent fluidized bed reactor includes a first reactor feed distributor and a number of second reactor feed distributors and are arranged sequentially along the gas flow direction.

Disclosed is a method of producing an olefin using a circulating fluidized bed process, including: (a) supplying a hydrocarbon mixture including propane and a dehydrogenation catalyst to a riser which is in a state of a fast fluidization regime, and thus inducing a dehydrogenation reaction; (b) separating an effluent from the dehydrogenation reaction into the catalyst and a propylene mixture; (c) stripping, in which a residual hydrocarbon compound is removed from the catalyst separated in step (b); (d) mixing the catalyst stripped in step (c) with a gas containing oxygen and thus continuously regenerating the catalyst; (e) circulating the catalyst regenerated in step (d) to step (a) and thus resupplying the catalyst to the riser; and (f) cooling, compressing, and separating the propylene mixture, which is a reaction product separated in step (b), and thus producing a propylene product.

A fluidized bed reactor includes: a reactor body; a dispersion plate mounted within the reactor body to partition the inside of the reactor body in a traverse direction and having a plurality of holes through which a reaction gas passes; a nozzle unit mounted on one surface of the dispersion plate to receive an inert gas from outside the reactor and inject the inert gas so as to crush deposits on the dispersion plate; a sensing unit configured to sense the deposits on the dispersion plate; and a control unit configured to control operation of the nozzle unit according to information sensed in the sensing unit.

A control system for automatic operation of a hydrocracking unit is shown. The control system includes a control device operable to affect at least one of a yield or a product quality of one or more output oil products provided as outputs of the hydrocracking unit. The control system further includes a controller configured to obtain an objective function that quantifies a value of operating the hydrocracking unit as a function of at least one of the yield or the product quality of the one or more output oil products, use a neural network model to generate a target control device setpoint predicted to optimize the objective function when the hydrocracking unit operates at the target control device setpoint, and operate the control device using the target control device setpoint to modulate at least one of the yield or the product quality of the one or more output oil products.