Various aspects provide for a multistage fluidized bed reactor, particularly comprising a volatilization stage and a combustion stage. The gas phases above the bed solids in the respective stages are separated by a wall. An opening (e.g., in the wall) provides for transport of the bed solids from the volatilization stage to the combustion stage. Active control of the gas pressure in the two stages may be used to control residence time. Various aspects provide for a fuel stream processing system having a pretreatment reactor, a combustion reactor, and optionally a condensation reactor. The condensation reactor receives a volatiles stream volatilized by the volatilization reactor. The combustion reactor receives a char stream resulting from the removal of the volatiles by the volatilization reactor.

The invention relates to a process for the positioning of a corrosion-resistant coating on an internal or external metal wall (20) of a fluid catalytic cracking unit chamber, comprising: (i) the shaping of a metal anchoring structure (10) formed from a plurality of strips (12) assembled in pairs by joining assembly portions (121, 122) so as to form a plurality of cells (14), the anchoring structure comprising a plurality of fastening tabs (16) integral with strip portions other than assembly portions, (ii) the fastening of said anchoring structure (10) by welding the free edge (18) of a part at least of the fastening tabs to the metal wall (20), defining a space between a longitudinal edge (12b) of an anchoring structure and the metal wall, (iii) the insertion of a composite material into the cells (14) from the metal wall (20) and at least up to the upper longitudinal edge (12a) of each strip.

The fluidized bed process for preparing polysilicon by chemical vapor deposition is improved by positioning at least one Laval nozzle upstream from a gas inlet into the reactor.

A catalytic cracking system in which liquid hydrocarbon and bio-oil are directed into a reactor riser of a fluid catalytic cracking unit by separate feed spray nozzle assemblies. To protect liquid bio-oil directed through the liquid bio-oil feed nozzle assembly from high temperature degradation, an insulating layer is provided between a central bio-oil feed tube in a concentrically surrounding atomizing gas passageway. Cooling channels also may be provided in the spray tip of the bio-oil feed nozzle assembly.

Systems and methods are provided for conversion of oxygenate feeds to distillate boiling range products using multiple moving bed reactor stages. The systems and methods allow for multiple stages to be used while avoiding the need for distillation or other boiling point based separation as the mixture of feed and effluent is passed between stages. Instead, a stripping gas is used to disengage the feed and effluent from the catalyst solids. In combination with an improved moving bed reactor design, this can allow substantially all of the feed and effluent from a first moving bed reactor stage to be passed into a second moving bed reactor stage, even when the feed and effluent include both vapor and liquid phase portions.

A feed distribution apparatus and method of using such an apparatus are provided for introducing a three-phase flow into a moving bed reactor that is operated under co-current flow conditions. The feed distribution apparatus can allow for separate introduction of liquid and solids in a manner that allows for even distribution of liquid within the solids. The gas portion of the flow can be introduced in any of a variety of convenient manners for distributing gas into a liquid or solid flow.

A process for large scale and energy efficient production of oxygenates from sugar is disclosed in which a sugar feedstock is introduced into a thermolytic fragmentation reactor including a fluidized stream of heat carrying particles. The heat carrying particles may be separated from the fluidized stream prior to cooling the fragmentation product and may be directed to a reheater to reheat the particles and recirculate the heated particles to the fragmentation reactor.

Reaction device which makes possible the oligomerization of olefins to give linear olefins and preferably linear -olefins, comprising a gas/liquid reactor and a reactor of plug-flow type. The reaction device is also employed in an oligomerization process.

The present invention relates to a process for polymerizing olefin monomer(s) in a gas solids olefin polymerization reactor wherein the fluidization gas is split and returned to the reactor into the bottom zone of the reactor and directly into the dense phase formed by particles of a polymer of the olefin monomer(s) suspended in an upwards flowing stream of the fluidization gas in the middle zone of the reactor.

Disclosed is a system and method for wirelessly monitoring 5 process conditions within a reactor vessel. A plurality of sensor-enabled radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are disposed at unspecified or random locations throughout a catalyst bed of a vessel and are used to measure various conditions within the vessel. The sensor-enabled RFID tags are encoded with individual identification codes and are wirelessly linked to multiple 10 transceivers. The use of multiple transceivers allows for the application of triangulation methods to identify the location of each of the sensor-enabled RFID tags in threedimensional space and for the interrogation of each sensor-enabled RFID tag to receive responsive transponder signals that carry information representative of the sensed condition within the reactor.