A gas dissolving system using double mixers to generate a higher gas concentration in liquid is disclosed. The gas dissolving system includes two gas mixers, a degassing device, pressure valves, a pressure sensor, and a pump. Liquid flows through mixers to entrain gas therein, and it thus contains dissolved gas and undissolved gas. The liquid subsequently flows into the degassing device so that undissolved gas is released to the outside environment, and dissolved gas remains in the liquid. The liquid with dissolved gas combines with raw liquid and is diluted so that it becomes liquid with a desired gas concentration as the output. A high gas concentration of liquid is obtained after more cycles of fluid flow through the mixers to dissolve gas without combining raw liquid.

Ethane may be catalytically oxidatively dehydrogenated to ethylene at high conversions and high selectivity in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor in the presence of oxygen in the feed in an amount above the flammability limit. The reactor has an attached regeneration reactor to regenerate the catalyst and cycle back to the CFB.

The invention relates to synthesis of methyl carbamate (MC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in presence of stripping inert gas or superheated methanol vapors using packed column reactor and bubble column reactor.

A system for processing one or more materials includes a processor having a shell defining a chamber and a plurality of serially stacked pipe assemblies. Each pipe assembly includes a header having at least one substantially straight pipe section receiving a fluid; and a plurality of nozzles in fluid communication with and projecting downwardly from the header. The nozzles direct the fluid into the chamber of the processor.

A process for large scale and energy efficient product of oxygenates from sugar is disclosed in which a sugar feedstock is introduced into a thermolytic fragmentation reactor comprising a fluidized stream of heat carrying particles. The heat carrying particles may be separated from the fluidized stream prior to cooling the fragmentation product and may be directed to a reheater to reheat the particles and recirculate the heated particles to the fragmentation reactor.

The present invention is directed to a high pressure fluidized bed system using dual control valves, and an inner pressure control method thereof. The high pressure fluidized bed system includes a fluidized bed reactor, a pressure sensor which measures a pressure in the interior of the fluidized bed reactor, a cyclone part which is coupled to the fluidized bed reactor, a first valve allowing controlling of the exhaust gas, and a second valve allowing manually controlling of exhaust gas except for the exhaust gas controlled by the first valve. The first valve is capable of opening and closing automatically, and the second valve is capable of opening and closing manually, and are used in combination in the high pressure fluidized bed, allowing decreasing of the pressure variation within the reactor and improving the operation stability of the reactor.

A process and apparatus for cooling catalyst in a catalyst cooler is disclosed. Nested tubes in the catalyst cooler have an undulating wall for improving heat transfer from the catalyst bed across the wall to the water inside the tubes. The outer tubes have an end wall at an inlet end opposed to an outlet end of a respective inner tube. The helical wall improves the efficiency of heat transfer to increase cooler duty for heavy feed stocks.

This present disclosure relates to apparatuses for methylation of aromatics in an aromatics complex for producing a xylene isomer product. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to apparatuses for producing para-xylene by the selective methylation of toluene and/or benzene in an aromatics complex using processed toluene instead of crude toluene.

Apparatus and methods for providing high velocity gas flow showerheads for deposition chambers are described. The showerhead has a faceplate in contact with a backing plate that has a concave portion to provide a plenum between the backing plate and the faceplate. A plurality of thermal elements is within the concave portion of the backing plate and extends to contact the faceplate.

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.