The disclosure relates to a process to perform an endothermic steam reforming of hydrocarbons, said process comprising the steps of providing a fluidized bed reactor comprising at least two electrodes and a bed comprising particles, wherein the particles are put in a fluidized state to obtain a fluidized bed; heating the fluidized bed to a temperature ranging from 500° C. to 1200° C. by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed to conduct the endothermic reaction. The process is remarkable in that the particles of the bed comprise electrically conductive particles and particles of a catalytic composition, wherein at least 10 wt. % of the particles are electrically conductive particles and have a resistivity ranging from 0.001 to 500 Ohm.Math.cm at 800° C. and in that the step of heating the fluidized bed is performed by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed.

The disclosure relates to a process to perform a catalytic cracking reaction of hydrocarbons having at least four carbons, said process comprising the steps of providing a fluidized bed reactor comprising at least two electrodes and a bed comprising particles, wherein the particles are put in a fluidized state to obtain a fluidized bed; heating said bed to a temperature between 500° C. and 850° C. by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed to conduct the reaction. The process is remarkable in that the particles of the bed comprise electrically conductive particles and particles of a catalytic composition, wherein at least 10 wt. % of the particles are electrically conductive particles and have a resistivity from 0.001 to 500 Ohm.cm at 500° C. and in that the step of heating the fluidized bed is performed by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed.

The present disclosure discloses a fluidized bed cooler with regional coordination enhancement, comprising a shell, a catalyst inlet, an interior of the shell is divided into a catalyst inlet influence region, a dilute phase region, a dense phase region and a gas distributor influence region; a catalyst inlet inclined tube is provided obliquely upward at the catalyst inlet, and a regional particle distributor is provided at the catalyst inlet; the dense phase region is provided with a plurality of dense phase baffle plates, and the dilute phase region is provided with a plurality of dilute phase baffle plates; and the gas distributor influence region is provided with double gas distributors. The fluidized bed cooler simultaneously well solves the low internal stability and the low heat exchange efficiency of the fluidized bed cooler, thereby realizing the stable and efficient operation of the fluidized bed cooler.

The present invention discloses an external loop slurry reactor, comprising a gas-liquid integrated distributor, a riser, a degassing zone, a solid-liquid separation circulation unit, and a storage tank. When the reactor works, reactants are injected into the riser through the gas-liquid integrated distributor; the slurry mixes and flows upwards to the degassing zone at the top for gas removal, and a large number of bubbles are removed. The slurry with catalyst particles then enters a downcomer and flows downwards. The slurry flows into a first-stage hydrocyclone and a multi-stage hydrocyclone in sequence for solid-liquid separation. The diameter of the first-stage hydrocyclone is larger than that of the multi-stage hydrocyclone. The separated solid particles flow back into the riser to continue to participate in the reaction.

Systems and methods for enhancing the processing of hydrocarbons in a FCC unit by introduction of the coked FCC catalyst from the FCC reactor and a renewable feedstock to the FCC regenerator to facilitate regeneration of the coked FCC catalyst. The renewable feedstock can contain biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and coke from the coked FCC catalyst are oxidized by oxygen to provide a regenerated catalyst that is recycled to the FCC reactor.

A method for manufacturing solketal ((2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol) includes: (1) milling starting reagents, including at least: glycerol, a catalyst selected from a hard Lewis acid including at least one transition metal, and acetone, the molar ratio (glycerol):(acetone) being less than or equal to 0.8; preferably less than or equal to 0.7, at an ambient temperature greater than or equal to 50° C., preferably greater than or equal to 56° C., in a three-dimensional microbead mill in a liquid phase for a residence time less than or equal to 15 minutes, preferably less than or equal to 10 minutes, and in particular less than or equal to 5 minutes; (2) recovering, as output from the mill, a final composition including solketal and, where appropriate, one or more sub-products corresponding to the starting reagents that have not reacted and/or to 1,3-O-isopropylidene-glycerol, and (3) optionally, separating the solketal from the one or more sub-products.

The present disclosure relates to processes for production of polyolefins from olefin monomer(s) in a gas phase reactor using condensing agent(s) (CAs), and in particular relates to controlling condensed phase cooling in a gas phase reactor used to polymerize olefin monomer(s). The method may include introducing first and second condensing agent(s) into the reactor at ratio(s) determined by ascertaining a stick limit for the first condensing agent, calculating an equivalence factor relating the first and second condensing agents, ascertaining total allowable condensing agent, and calculating amount of the first condensing agent removed and replaced by the second condensing agent. The method may further include calculating the dew point limit of a gas phase composition including olefin monomer(s) as well as the first and second condensing agents; and determining if introducing a mixture comprising the olefin monomer(s) and the condensing agent composition would exceed the calculated dew point limit.

The present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses of producing hydrogen. The methods comprise: (a) contacting a plastic with a catalyst and a gas feed; and (b) applying a microwave at a first temperature. The apparatuses comprise: a reactor for mixing plastic with a catalyst to form a mixture; an inlet for introducing a gas feed; a microwave generator; an optional temperature sensor; and an outlet configured to exhaust the product hydrogen formed in the reactor.

A combustor air bar grid for use within a fluidized bed reactor includes at least two main air collector bars in fluid communication with a source of fluidizing gas, a plurality of primary air bars that are transversal to the main air collector bars and arranged on the at least two main air collector bars such that the main air collector bars support them, and in fluid communication to at least two of the main air collector bars. The main air collector bars and the primary air bars define ash removal openings in the air bar grid and a plurality of fluidized nozzles are arranged to each of the primary air bars for fluidizing the bed reactor. A fluidized bed reactor includes such a combustor air bar grid.

The present invention relates to a process for removing polymer material from a gas-solids olefin polymerization reactor wherein the gas-solids olefin polymerization reactor is connected to the top part of an outlet vessel via a feed pipe wherein the powder surface of discharged polymer material and the barrier gas injection point are situated in the outlet vessel as such to fulfill the following criteria: R′=X/Y≤2.0; and R″=X/D≥1.0; wherein X=Distance between the powder surface and the barrier gas injection point; Y=Distance between the barrier gas injection point and the vessel outlet; and D=Equivalent outlet vessel diameter, an apparatus for continuously removing polymer material comprising a gas-solids olefin polymerization reactor, an outlet vessel and a feed pipe connecting the gas-solids olefin polymerization reactor with the top part of the outlet vessel and the use of said apparatus for polymerizing alpha-olefin homo- or copolymers having alpha-olefin monomer units of from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and for increasing the barrier gas efficiency of the gas-solids olefin reactor to at least 75%.