The present disclosure relates generally to portable energy generation devices and methods. The devices are designed to covert formic acid into released hydrogen, alleviating the need for a hydrogen tank as a hydrogen source for fuel cell power. In particular, an electricity generation device for powering a battery comprising a formic acid reservoir containing a liquid consisting of formic acid; a reaction chamber capable of using a catalyst and heat to convert the formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide; a fuel cell that generates electricity; a delivery system for moving converted hydrogen into the fuel cell; and a battery powered by electricity generated by the fuel cell is provided.

The present disclosure relates generally to portable energy generation devices and methods. The devices are designed to covert formic acid into released hydrogen, alleviating the need for a hydrogen tank as a hydrogen source for fuel cell power. In particular, an electricity generation device for powering a battery comprising a formic acid reservoir containing a liquid consisting of formic acid; a reaction chamber capable of using a catalyst and heat to convert the formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide; a fuel cell that generates electricity; a delivery system for moving converted hydrogen into the fuel cell; and a battery powered by electricity generated by the fuel cell is provided.

A system for producing a layer of aligned carbon nanotubes, the system comprising: a sprayer, a solution delivery tube configured to deliver a carbon nanotube solution to the sprayer, the carbon nanotube solution including carbon nanotubes dispersed in chloroform, and a reservoir configured to contain a water subphase. The sprayer is configured to generate a continuous spray of the carbon nanotube solution. The continuous floating layer is supported by the subphase. The spray of carbon nanotube solution includes droplets of the carbon nanotube solution, the droplets having a median diameter in a range from about 1 to about 100 microns. The sprayer maintains the continuous floating layer of carbon nanotube solution on the subphase as a substrate is inserted into or removed from the subphase, the carbon nanotube solution being in contact with the substrate.

Process for the preparation of a polyolefin in a reaction system comprising a reactor comprising a fluidized bed and a distribution plate, product purge bin, and granular feed bin, wherein the process comprises feeding a polymerization catalyst to the fluidized bed, feeding -olefin monomer(s) to the reactor, circulating fluids from the top of the reactor to the bottom of the reactor, withdrawing a stream comprising the polyolefin and fluids from the reactor and passing said stream into the product purge bin, purging the product purge bin with a purge stream comprising an inert gas to obtain a stream comprising a purged polyolefin and a stream comprising fluids, introducing part of the stream comprising fluids back into the reactor, introducing the stream comprising the purged polyolefin into the granular feed bin, and contacting a deactivating stream with purged polyolefin in granular feed bin to obtain the polyolefin free of polymerization catalyst.

Disclosed herein are methods of preparing a composition comprising crystalline biomolecules, for example, crystalline antibodies. In exemplary embodiments, the method comprises forming a fluidized bed of crystalline biomolecules using, for example, a counter-flow centrifuge to exchange buffer and/or to concentrate the crystalline biomolecules in a solution. Also provided are methods of detecting crystalline biomolecules and/or amorphous biomolecules in a sample.

Disclosed herein are methods of preparing a composition comprising crystalline biomolecules, for example, crystalline antibodies. In exemplary embodiments, the method comprises forming a fluidized bed of crystalline biomolecules using, for example, a counter-flow centrifuge to exchange buffer and/or to concentrate the crystalline biomolecules in a solution. Also provided are methods of detecting crystalline biomolecules and/or amorphous biomolecules in a sample.

A chemical reaction method having steps of preparing a chemical reaction apparatus by partitioning an inside of a horizontal flow reactor into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates, and flowing a liquid horizontally with an unfilled space being provided thereabove, generating microwaves with a microwave generator, and transmiting the microwaves, with at least one waveguide, to the unfilled space in the reactor. Also forming a top portion of the partition plates act as a weir, inclining the reactor such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on the inlet side is higher than a weir height on the outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side, flowing content over each of the partition plates inside the reactor, and configuring the weir heights of the partition plates in the reactor are the same in a state where the reactor is not inclined.

A chemical reaction method having steps of preparing a chemical reaction apparatus by partitioning an inside of a horizontal flow reactor into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates, and flowing a liquid horizontally with an unfilled space being provided thereabove, generating microwaves with a microwave generator, and transmiting the microwaves, with at least one waveguide, to the unfilled space in the reactor. Also forming a top portion of the partition plates act as a weir, inclining the reactor such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on the inlet side is higher than a weir height on the outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side, flowing content over each of the partition plates inside the reactor, and configuring the weir heights of the partition plates in the reactor are the same in a state where the reactor is not inclined.

This disclosure describes an improved heat transfer system for use in reaction vessels used in chemical and biological processes. In one embodiment, a heat transfer baffle comprising two sub-assemblies adjoined to one another is provided.

This disclosure describes an improved heat transfer system for use in reaction vessels used in chemical and biological processes. In one embodiment, a heat transfer baffle comprising two sub-assemblies adjoined to one another is provided.