The present invention relates to a particle manipulation method to disperse magnetic particles 70 in a liquid 35 filling up a tube container 10, wherein a circumferential direction moving step to move the magnetic particles 70 along the circumferential direction of the container 10 in the liquid 35 and in a radial direction moving step to move the magnetic particles 70 as crossing the radial direction of the container 10 in the liquid 35 are implemented repeatedly. Such manipulations can be achieved by combining rotation of the container and gravity force and magnetic field manipulations.

The present invention relates to a particle manipulation method to disperse magnetic particles 70 in a liquid 35 filling up a tube container 10, wherein a circumferential direction moving step to move the magnetic particles 70 along the circumferential direction of the container 10 in the liquid 35 and in a radial direction moving step to move the magnetic particles 70 as crossing the radial direction of the container 10 in the liquid 35 are implemented repeatedly. Such manipulations can be achieved by combining rotation of the container and gravity force and magnetic field manipulations.

The present disclosure relates generally to new forms of portable energy generation devices and methods. The devices are designed to covert formic acid into released hydrogen, alleviating the need for a hydrogen tank as a hydrogen source for fuel cell power.

The present disclosure relates generally to new forms of portable energy generation devices and methods. The devices are designed to covert formic acid into released hydrogen, alleviating the need for a hydrogen tank as a hydrogen source for fuel cell power.

A catalyst support may be provided that comprises: an inner core, which includes at least one phase change material; a coating layer around the inner core, which includes at least one metal oxide; a catalytically active layer, which is positioned in interstices of the coating layer and/or lying on the coating layer, wherein at least one catalytically active substance is included in the catalytically active layer; and a supporting layer which is positioned under the coating layer. A recycle reactor may be provided comprising a reservoir for accommodating a chemical hydrogen storage substance; the catalyst support; a screw conveyor for input and transport of the catalyst support; and a heating device with which the catalyst support can be heated. A method for releasing hydrogen from a chemical hydrogen storage substance may be provided.

An improved photocatalytic reactor stator having a first surface and an opposing second surface, and at least one channel extending between the first surface and the second surface to allow fluid flow through the stator. The at least one channel may be configured to redirect the fluid flow in a direction substantially parallel to the first and/or second surface. This improved photocatalytic reactor stator improves the performance of a photocatalytic reactor by increasing the mobility of the photocatalyst and thereby increasing the surface area of the catalyst that is exposed to the reactant and the UV light source.

An improved photocatalytic reactor stator having a first surface and an opposing second surface, and at least one channel extending between the first surface and the second surface to allow fluid flow through the stator. The at least one channel may be configured to redirect the fluid flow in a direction substantially parallel to the first and/or second surface. This improved photocatalytic reactor stator improves the performance of a photocatalytic reactor by increasing the mobility of the photocatalyst and thereby increasing the surface area of the catalyst that is exposed to the reactant and the UV light source.

A method of hydrating a dry powdered viscosifier such as a powdered polymer is disclosed. The method includes mixing the powdered viscosifier with a solvent such as water to form a mixture; moving the mixture through a cavitation zone; inducing energetic shock waves and pressure fluctuations in the mixture by mechanically inducing cavitation events within the mixture, the shock waves and pressure fluctuations untangling, separating, and straightening polymer molecule chains and distributing the chains throughout the mixture, and extracting the resulting hydrated viscosifier from the cavitation zone.

A method of hydrating a dry powdered viscosifier such as a powdered polymer is disclosed. The method includes mixing the powdered viscosifier with a solvent such as water to form a mixture; moving the mixture through a cavitation zone; inducing energetic shock waves and pressure fluctuations in the mixture by mechanically inducing cavitation events within the mixture, the shock waves and pressure fluctuations untangling, separating, and straightening polymer molecule chains and distributing the chains throughout the mixture, and extracting the resulting hydrated viscosifier from the cavitation zone.

This invention relates to a polymerization process for forming polymer comprising: contacting (typically in a solution or slurry phase), a monomer and a catalyst system in a reaction zone comprising at least one spiral heat exchanger and recovering polymer, wherein the monomer, the catalyst system and the polymer flow through the at least one spiral heat exchanger in a cross-flow direction relative to spirals of the at least one spiral heat exchanger.